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Introducing the Online Political Influence Efforts dataset

Author

Listed:
  • Diego A Martin

    (Economics Department, Purdue University)

  • Jacob N Shapiro

    (School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University)

  • Julia G Ilhardt

    (School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University)

Abstract

This article introduces a dataset on the covert use of social media to influence politics by promoting propaganda, advocating controversial viewpoints, and spreading disinformation. Influence efforts (IEs) are defined as: (i) coordinated campaigns by a state, or the ruling party in an autocracy, to impact one or more specific aspects of politics at home or in another state, (ii) through media channels, including social media, by (iii) producing content designed to appear indigenous to the target state. Our data draw on more than 1,000 media reports and 500 research articles/reports to identify IEs, track their progress, and classify their features. The data cover 78 foreign influence efforts (FIEs) and 25 domestic influence efforts (DIEs) – in which governments targeted their own citizens – against 51 different countries from 2011 through early 2021. The Influence Effort dataset measures covert information campaigns by state actors, facilitating research on contemporary statecraft.

Suggested Citation

  • Diego A Martin & Jacob N Shapiro & Julia G Ilhardt, 2023. "Introducing the Online Political Influence Efforts dataset," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 60(5), pages 868-876, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:joupea:v:60:y:2023:i:5:p:868-876
    DOI: 10.1177/00223433221092815
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Yphtach Lelkes & Gaurav Sood & Shanto Iyengar, 2017. "The Hostile Audience: The Effect of Access to Broadband Internet on Partisan Affect," American Journal of Political Science, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 61(1), pages 5-20, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Charlotte Wagnsson & Albin Östervall & Anton Angwald, 2025. "Naming the enemy: how to fortify society against foreign disinformation while avoiding excessive vigilance to reliable media," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 12(1), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Dov H Levin, 2025. "Introducing PEIG 2.0: Sixty-nine years of partisan electoral interventions 1946–2014," Conflict Management and Peace Science, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 42(5), pages 578-598, September.

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