Global Interdependence and the Responsibilities of States: Learning from the Japanese Experience

In view of the multiple and complex ways that states are dependent upon one another, it is imperative that governments work together responsibly to address problems that transcend national boundaries. Japan is examined as a case study not only because it is a prototype of a modern interdependent state, but also because the Japanese are actively reassessing their role in world politics in view of their country's emergence as an economic superpower and are taking steps to 'internationalize' their society to facilitate more effective foreign interactions. Japan is a unique case given the combination of its historical isolation, the aggressive role it played in World War II, and its spectacular economic growth of the last few decades. Recent Japanese governments have attempted to play a more active role in maintaining a stable and peaceful world order through diplomatic initiatives, participation in international insti tutions, and substantial increases in foreign aid. Efforts to internationalize the Japanese people include programs to enhance the quality of foreign language instruction, to educate the Japanese people on foreign cultures, and to attract more foreign students, but progress is slow because of language barriers and the group-oriented social structure of the Japanese. Definitions of global responsibilities and the process of internationalization are proposed based on the Japanese experience. Finally, several implications that this study has for peace research are suggested, especially in conceptualizing peace in positive and associative terms and in setting forth agendas on foreign policy and peace action.