IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/jospec/v26y2025i7p771-782.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

They were Robbed! Scoring by the Middlemost to Attenuate Biased Judging in Boxing

Author

Listed:
  • Stuart Baumann
  • Carl Singleton

Abstract

Boxing has long grappled with the problem of biased or “bad†judging. At its worst, this leads to “Robberies†, where boxers are widely seen as being denied rightful victories. Such incidents risk alienating fans and athletes. To address this problem, we propose a minimalist adjustment to the scoring system: the winner would be decided from the round-by-round scores of the judges, rather than relying on the judges’ overall bout scores. This approach, known as consensus scoring, is rooted in social choice theory and utilises majority rule alongside middlemost aggregation functions. We show that this scoring method creates a coordination problem for actively partisan judges and theoretically attenuates their influence on fight outcomes. Our analysis and simulations, using a stylised model of strategic judging behaviour, demonstrate the potential of consensus scoring to significantly decrease the likelihood of a single partisan judge from swaying the result of a closely contested bout.

Suggested Citation

  • Stuart Baumann & Carl Singleton, 2025. "They were Robbed! Scoring by the Middlemost to Attenuate Biased Judging in Boxing," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 26(7), pages 771-782, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:sae:jospec:v:26:y:2025:i:7:p:771-782
    DOI: 10.1177/15270025251348186
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/15270025251348186
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/15270025251348186?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • D91 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making
    • L83 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Sports; Gambling; Restaurants; Recreation; Tourism
    • Z20 - Other Special Topics - - Sports Economics - - - General
    • Z28 - Other Special Topics - - Sports Economics - - - Policy

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:jospec:v:26:y:2025:i:7:p:771-782. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.