IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/inddev/v16y2022i2p352-366.html

Intra-household Gender Disparity in Private Tuition: Evidence from West Bengal

Author

Listed:
  • Indrani Sengupta
  • Priyanta Ghosh

Abstract

The article focuses on intra-household gender disparity in private tuition in West Bengal. By employing Engel curve framework and hurdle model with household-level data from NSS 71st Round (2014–2015), the article establishes that there is significant gender bias in favour of girls for the age group 15–20 years. This is contrary to the general perception of gender bias against girls. It has also been found that at the same age group, there is a significant difference in enrolment of girls and boys in private schools where boys are mostly enrolled in private schools. This finding suggests that girls are discriminated at the decision of formal schooling, but there is an attempt to compensate for it at a later stage when credentials become important to signal in the labour market or marriage market.

Suggested Citation

  • Indrani Sengupta & Priyanta Ghosh, 2022. "Intra-household Gender Disparity in Private Tuition: Evidence from West Bengal," Indian Journal of Human Development, , vol. 16(2), pages 352-366, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:sae:inddev:v:16:y:2022:i:2:p:352-366
    DOI: 10.1177/09737030221123178
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09737030221123178
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/09737030221123178?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Walter O. Simmons & Rosemarie Emanuele, 2007. "Male‐female giving differentials: are women more altruistic?," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 34(6), pages 534-550, November.
    2. Tansel, AysIt & Bircan, Fatma, 2006. "Demand for education in Turkey: A tobit analysis of private tutoring expenditures," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 303-313, June.
    3. Soham Sahoo, 2017. "Intra-Household Gender Disparity in School Choice: Evidence from Private Schooling in India," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(10), pages 1714-1730, October.
    4. Walter O. Simmons & Rosemarie Emanuele, 2007. "Male‐female giving differentials: are women more altruistic?," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 34(6), pages 534-550, November.
    5. Duncan Thomas, 1990. "Intra-Household Resource Allocation: An Inferential Approach," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 25(4), pages 635-664.
    6. Mehtabul Azam, 2016. "Private Tutoring: Evidence from India," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(4), pages 739-761, November.
    7. Azam, Mehtabul & Kingdon, Geeta Gandhi, 2013. "Are Girls the Fairer Sex in India? Revisiting Intra-Household Allocation of Education Expenditure," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 143-164.
    8. Cragg, John G, 1971. "Some Statistical Models for Limited Dependent Variables with Application to the Demand for Durable Goods," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 39(5), pages 829-844, September.
    9. Sasiwooth Wongmonta & Paul Glewwe, 2017. "An analysis of gender differences in household education expenditure: the case of Thailand," Education Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(2), pages 183-204, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jung, Dain & Kwak, Do Won & Tang, Kam Ki & Yazbeck, Myra, 2025. "Shared lives, shared stress: Witnessing and spillover effects in spousal mental health interactions," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    2. Pallegedara, Asankha & Mottaleb, Khondoker Abdul, 2018. "Patterns and determinants of private tutoring: The case of Bangladesh households," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 43-50.
    3. Indal Kumar & Indrani Roy Chowdhury, 2021. "Shadow Education in India: Participation and Socioeconomic Determinants," Journal of South Asian Development, , vol. 16(2), pages 244-272, August.
    4. Mandikiana, Brian W., 2021. "Choice and expenditure: A double hurdle model of private tutoring in Qatar," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 1-15.
    5. Liang Xu & Xinyan Yan & Haoyi Yang & Wenqiao Zhang, 2026. "Prosocial CEOs and Corporate Tax Avoidance," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 204(2), pages 367-390, March.
    6. Chao Wu & Mahyar Eftekhar, 2024. "Does Volunteering Crowd Out Donations? Evidence from Online Experiments," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 26(4), pages 1542-1566, July.
    7. Pradeep Kumar Choudhury & Angrej Singh Gill & Amit Kumar, 2024. "What drives demand for private tutoring in secondary education? Evidence from India," Journal of Social and Economic Development, Springer;Institute for Social and Economic Change, vol. 26(3), pages 816-839, December.
    8. Liat Ayalon, 2024. "A Typology of Pro-Environmental Behaviors: Demographic Correlates and Reasons for Limited Public Engagement in Pro-Environmental Behaviors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-10, October.
    9. Di (Judy) Zhu & Xian Bi & Ming-Hsiang Chen & Jingrong Sun, 2025. "The role of female directors in hotel corporate giving: An inverted U-shaped effect," Tourism Economics, , vol. 31(7), pages 1304-1328, November.
    10. Liu, Chunbo & Xu, Liang & Yang, Haoyi & Zhang, Wenqiao, 2023. "Prosocial CEOs and the cost of debt: Evidence from syndicated loan contracts," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    11. Cao, Andi & Li, Houjian, 2025. "Leading change: The impact of female officials on the rural toilet revolution in China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 694-716.
    12. Chayanika Mitra & Indrani Sengupta & Pradeep Kumar Choudhury, 2022. "An analysis of school shifting patterns in India: what do recent data tell us?," Journal of Social and Economic Development, Springer;Institute for Social and Economic Change, vol. 24(2), pages 295-318, December.
    13. Dorota Korenkiewicz & Wolfgang Maennig, 2023. "Women on a Corporate Board of Directors and Consumer Satisfaction," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 14(4), pages 3904-3928, December.
    14. Dorota Korenkiewicz & Wolfgang Maennig, 2024. "Impact of women on corporate boards of directors on product quality," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 28(3), pages 841-874, September.
    15. Gooptu, Sayoree & Mukherjee, Vivekananda, 2023. "Does private tuition crowd out private schooling? Evidence from India," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    16. Nandi, Arindam & Sahoo, Soham & Haberland, Nicole & Ngô, Thoại D., 2023. "A glass ceiling at the playhouse? Gender gaps in public and private preschool enrollment in India," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    17. Amita Majumder & Chayanika Mitra, 2017. "Gender Bias in Education in West Bengal," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 15(1), pages 173-196, March.
    18. Kenayathulla, Husaina Banu, 2016. "Gender differences in intra-household educational expenditures in Malaysia," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 59-73.
    19. Das, Upasak & Singhal, Karan, 2023. "Solving it correctly: Prevalence and persistence of gender gap in basic mathematics in rural India," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    20. Ali Fakih & Nathir Haimoun & Anastasia Sleiman, 2022. "What drives demand for private tutoring in the Middle East and North Africa region? Evidence from a Youth Survey," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 34(2), pages 268-279, June.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:inddev:v:16:y:2022:i:2:p:352-366. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.