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Racial capitalism and self-organized houseless encampments: (En)countering banishment in Portland and Miami

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  • Alex Farrington

Abstract

In this paper, I contribute to the literature on self-organized houseless encampments in the United States in two ways. First, I draw on Roy’s concept of racial banishment to examine the relationship between encampments and American racial capitalism. Second, I extend Caldeira’s theory of peripheral urbanization – originally developed to describe urban informality in the Global South – to encampments in the United States. Doing so highlights how encampment residents and local government interact with one another through transversal logics. I show how both these frameworks – racial banishment and peripheral urbanization – can help us understand the creation of two self-organized houseless encampments: Dignity Village in Portland and Umoja Village in Miami. In each city, I describe how these encampments not only encountered , but also countered various forms of banishment through creative means.

Suggested Citation

  • Alex Farrington, 2025. "Racial capitalism and self-organized houseless encampments: (En)countering banishment in Portland and Miami," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 43(2), pages 215-230, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envirc:v:43:y:2025:i:2:p:215-230
    DOI: 10.1177/23996544231203896
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Joe Hoover, 2015. "The human right to housing and community empowerment: home occupation, eviction defence and community land trusts," Third World Quarterly, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(6), pages 1092-1109, June.
    2. Cory Parker, 2020. "Tent City: Patterns of Informality and the Partitioning of Sacramento," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(2), pages 329-348, March.
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