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Intransitivity, the Spatial Interaction Model, and US Migration Streams

Author

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  • M F Goodchild

    (Department of Geography, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada)

  • T R Smith

    (Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA)

Abstract

The flows predicted by a large class of spatial interaction models are transitive, yet US migration tables have been shown to contain large numbers of intransitivities. This paper investigates a number of possible conditions under which flows regulated by the spatial interaction model might be observed to be intransitive. A singly constrained gravity model is calibrated for a number of flow tables, and distorted by sampling error, by aggregation over strata, and by an independently distributed error term. Only the last distortion gives the correct bias in the relative abundance of intransitivities in numerical flows and flow probabilities. This conclusion is supported by further simulations using random spatial interaction models. The results of the calibrations of the spatial interaction model using US interstate migration flows, 1935–1970, are given and compared with others previously published.

Suggested Citation

  • M F Goodchild & T R Smith, 1980. "Intransitivity, the Spatial Interaction Model, and US Migration Streams," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 12(10), pages 1131-1144, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envira:v:12:y:1980:i:10:p:1131-1144
    DOI: 10.1068/a121131
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    Cited by:

    1. François Bavaud, 2013. "Testing spatial autocorrelation in weighted networks: the modes permutation test," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 15(3), pages 233-247, July.
    2. Ian Gordon, 2013. "Ian Molho (1986) Theories of Migration: A Review – Commentary to Accompany Republished Version in Scottish Journal of Political Economy Jubilee Issue," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 60(5), pages 557-559, November.
    3. Ian Molho, 2013. "Theories of Migration: A Review," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 60(5), pages 526-556, November.

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