The role of finance, technology, and growth policies in shaping sustainable mineral and natural gas management: Utilizing dynamic auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) and frequency domain causality (FDC) models

Since the onset of the Industrial Revolution, the financial sector has emerged as a substantial contributor to the advancement of human society. Nevertheless, providing financial support for environmentally detrimental projects has raised numerous questions regarding establishing a direct connection between financial market instruments and their impact on the environment. This study summarizes the key findings and insights from the comprehensive analysis of the impact of natural resources, including minerals and natural gas, on various economic indicators across the G20 countries. By focusing on the complex relationship between resource abundance and economic performance, shedding light on the significance of responsible resource management and sustainability practices. Mineral resources have been shown to influence Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), trade, financial technology adoption, and net trade. Abundant minerals attract FDI inflows, leading to economic growth, while mineral exports contribute positively to trade balances and financial technology development. However, the impact on FDI outflows can be influenced by various factors, emphasizing the need for diversified economies and sustainable resource management. Natural gas plays a significant role in shaping economic indicators, including FDI, transport services exports, goods export services, financial technology, net trade, and grants for technology. Abundant natural gas reserves attract foreign investment and drive economic growth, stimulating the transport and export sectors. The adoption of advanced financial technology in the energy industry is fostered by the export of natural gas, but the impact on FDI outflows and net trade depends on global dynamics. Responsible resource management, diversification, and sustainability practices are crucial for harnessing economic benefits while ensuring environmental and economic stability. This analysis provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in navigating the complexities of resource-driven economies and working toward sustainable and prosperous futures.