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Manufacturing Energy Use in Eight OECD Countries: Trends through 1988

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  • Richard B. Howarth
  • Lee Schipper

Abstract

This paper reviews the evolution of manufacturing energy use in eight industrialized nations: West Germany, Denmark, France, Japan, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Manufacturing energy use fell in these nations by 16% between 1973 and 1988 while manufacturing value-added increased by 41%. Reduced energy intensities in six industry groups -paper and pulp; chemicals; stone, clay and glass; iron and steel; nonferrous metals; and other manufacturing - were the primary source of this apparent decoupling of energy use and output. Between 1973 and 1988, intensity reductions would have driven down sectoral energy use by 32% if the level and composition of output had remained constant. Structural change, or shifts in the product mix, would have reduced energy use by 11% if the total level of output and the energy intensities of each industry group had remained constant.

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  • Richard B. Howarth & Lee Schipper, 1991. "Manufacturing Energy Use in Eight OECD Countries: Trends through 1988," The Energy Journal, , vol. 12(4), pages 15-40, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:enejou:v:12:y:1991:i:4:p:15-40
    DOI: 10.5547/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol12-No4-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. G. Boyd & J. F. McDonald & M. Ross & D. A. Hansont, 1987. "Separating the Changing Composition of U.S. Manufacturing Production from Energy Efficiency Improvements: A Divisia Index Approach," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 2), pages 77-96.
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