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Kuwait as a Regional Mediator: Small-state Diplomacy and Soft Power in Middle Eastern Conflicts

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  • Mohammed Torki Bani Salameh
  • Bandar Majed Alotaibi

Abstract

This study examines Kuwait’s role as a mediator in regional conflicts, with a focus on its involvement in the 2017 Gulf crisis and its diplomatic efforts in the Iran–Gulf and Lebanese disputes. Despite its small size, Kuwait has leveraged its soft power, neutrality, and humanitarian diplomacy to position itself as an important actor in Middle Eastern conflict resolution. The research highlights Kuwait’s success in preserving the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) cohesion during the Qatar blockade and its continued support for Lebanon’s political stability. The article argues that Kuwait’s mediation strategy blends traditional Arab reconciliation practices with modern diplomatic principles, allowing it to de-escalate tensions and maintain open dialogue. However, structural challenges—including sectarian divisions and external interventions—limit the scope of its influence. Ultimately, the study concludes that Kuwait’s foreign policy presents a viable model for small-state diplomacy, emphasizing regional stability, principled negotiation, and long-term engagement over short-term resolutions.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammed Torki Bani Salameh & Bandar Majed Alotaibi, 2026. "Kuwait as a Regional Mediator: Small-state Diplomacy and Soft Power in Middle Eastern Conflicts," Contemporary Review of the Middle East, , vol. 13(1), pages 54-74, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:crmide:v:13:y:2026:i:1:p:54-74
    DOI: 10.1177/23477989251400506
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mamoon Ahmed Abo Ra’ad, 2018. "The Role of Bahrain Kingdom in the Framework of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (From 2000 to 2006)," Asian Social Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 14(4), pages 100-100, April.
    2. Mohammed Torki Bani Salameh & Rasha Adnan Mubiadeen, 2025. "Addressing security challenges: Strategic approaches of Arab gulf states," International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies, Innovative Research Publishing, vol. 8(1), pages 1853-1864.
    3. Adam Krzymowski, 2021. "Water Diplomacy and Its Strategic Significance for Sustainable Development Goals and Global Security Architecture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-21, December.
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