IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/compsc/v39y2022i5p609-632.html

The Ethnic Stacking in Africa Dataset: When leaders use ascriptive identity to build military loyalty

Author

Listed:
  • Kristen A. Harkness

Abstract

Ethnicity has played a core role in the construction of African security institutions, with leaders often relying on coethnics to secure military loyalty. Such practices, termed ethnic stacking, likely have profound consequences for a range of important outcomes, from combat effectiveness to coup propensity to democratization. The Ethnic Stacking in Africa Dataset provides the first comprehensive data on the ethnic stacking practices of all African countries, from independence to 2018 (with 95.7% of leaders and 98.3% of country years recovered). This new data will allow scholars to better understand African militaries and their behavior and capabilities.

Suggested Citation

  • Kristen A. Harkness, 2022. "The Ethnic Stacking in Africa Dataset: When leaders use ascriptive identity to build military loyalty," Conflict Management and Peace Science, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 39(5), pages 609-632, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:compsc:v:39:y:2022:i:5:p:609-632
    DOI: 10.1177/07388942211044999
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/07388942211044999
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/07388942211044999?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. repec:gig:afjour:v:46:y:2011:i:2:p:3-41 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Paul Lorenzo Johnson & Ches Thurber, 2020. "The Security-Force Ethnicity (SFE) Project: Introducing a new dataset," Conflict Management and Peace Science, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 37(1), pages 106-129, January.
    3. Colin Robinson, 2016. "Revisiting the rise and fall of the Somali Armed Forces, 1960--2012," Defense & Security Analysis, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(3), pages 237-252, September.
    4. Mai Hassan, 2017. "The Strategic Shuffle: Ethnic Geography, the Internal Security Apparatus, and Elections in Kenya," American Journal of Political Science, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 61(2), pages 382-395, April.
    5. Marco Jowell, 2014. "Cohesion through socialization: liberation, tradition and modernity in the forging of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF)," Journal of Eastern African Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(2), pages 278-293, April.
    6. Rosemary Preston, 1997. "Integrating fighters after war: reflections on the Namibian experience, 1989–1993," Journal of Southern African Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(3), pages 453-472.
    7. Jun Koga Sudduth, 2021. "Purging militaries: Introducing the Military Purges in Dictatorships (MPD) dataset," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 58(4), pages 870-880, July.
    8. VAB Davies, 2000. "Sierra Leone: ironic tragedy," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 9(3), pages 349-369.
    9. F Ngaruko & JD Nkurunziza, 2000. "An economic interpretation of conflict in Burundi," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 9(3), pages 370-409.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Paul L Johnson & Max Z Margulies, 2025. "Divided loyalty: Are broadly recruited militaries less likely to repress nonviolent antigovernment protests?," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 62(4), pages 830-846, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Marion Mercier & Rama Lionel Ngenzebuke & Philip Verwimp, 2016. "Violence exposure and welfare over time: Evidence from the Burundi civil war," HiCN Working Papers 198 updated, Households in Conflict Network.
    2. Maarten Voors & Eleonora Nillesen & Philip Verwimp & Erwin Bulte & Robert Lensink & Daan van Soest, 2010. "Does Conflict affect Preferences? Results from Field Experiments in Burundi," HiCN Working Papers 71, Households in Conflict Network.
    3. Tom Bundervoet & Philip Verwimp, 2005. "Civil War and Economic Sanctions: Analysis of Anthropometric Outcomes in Burundi," HiCN Working Papers 11, Households in Conflict Network.
    4. Janvier D. Nkurunziza & Léonce Ndikumana & Prime Nyamoya, 2014. "The Financial Sector in Burundi: An Investigation of Its Efficiency in Resource Mobilization and Allocation," NBER Chapters, in: African Successes, Volume III: Modernization and Development, pages 103-156, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Almohad, Selman, 2019. "Bringing regional politics to the study of security sector reform: Army reform in Sierra Leone and Iraq," GIGA Working Papers 319, GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies.
    6. Tang, Lianzhou & Xu, Wenli, 2025. "Patronage and pollution," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    7. He, Ruofan & Wan, Panbing, 2024. "Electricity market integration in China: The role of government officials’ hometown ties," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 303(C).
    8. Bert Ingelaere & Réginas Ndayiragije & Marijke Verpoorten, 2022. "Political representation in the wake of ethnic violence and post-conflict institutional reform: Comparing views from Rwandan and Burundian citizens," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2022-142, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    9. Michael Wahman & Edward Goldring, 2020. "Pre-election violence and territorial control: Political dominance and subnational election violence in polarized African electoral systems," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 57(1), pages 93-110, January.
    10. Edward Goldring & Austin S. Matthews, 2024. "Brothers in Arms No Longer: Who Do Regime Change Coup-entry Dictators Purge?," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 68(10), pages 1913-1940, November.
    11. Travis Curtice, 2023. "Co-ethnic bias and policing in an electoral authoritarian regime: Experimental evidence from Uganda," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 60(3), pages 395-409, May.
    12. Janvier Nkurunziza & Floribert Ngaruko, 2002. "Explaining Growth in Burundi: 1960-2000," Economics Series Working Papers WPS/2002-03, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    13. Charles Crabtree & Holger L Kern & David A Siegel, 2020. "Cults of personality, preference falsification, and the dictator’s dilemma," Journal of Theoretical Politics, , vol. 32(3), pages 409-434, July.
    14. Nillesen, Eleonora, 2016. "Empty cups? Assessing the impact of civil war violence on coffee farming in Burundi," African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, African Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 11(01), pages 1-15, March.
    15. Tom Bundervoet & Philip Verwimp & Richard Akresh, 2009. "Health and Civil War in Rural Burundi," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 44(2).
    16. Léonce Ndikumana, 2005. "Distributional conflict, the state, and peace building in Burundi," UMASS Amherst Economics Working Papers 2005-13, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Economics.
    17. Marilyn Silberfein & Al-Hassan Conteh, 2006. "Boundaries and Conflict in the Mano River Region of West Africa," Conflict Management and Peace Science, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 23(4), pages 343-361, September.
    18. Stefania Galli & Klas Rönnbäck, 2021. "Land distribution and inequality in a black settler colony: the case of Sierra Leone, 1792–1831," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 74(1), pages 115-137, February.
    19. Kristen A. Harkness, 2016. "The Ethnic Army and the State," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 60(4), pages 587-616, June.
    20. De Waal, Alex, 2017. "Somalia synthesis paper, 2017," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 100162, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:compsc:v:39:y:2022:i:5:p:609-632. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://pss.la.psu.edu/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.