IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/busper/v10y2022i1p27-45.html

Earnings Management and IPO Anomalies—Evidence from Indian Stock Market

Author

Listed:
  • Aprajita Pandey
  • J. K. Pattanayak

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between the extent of earnings management in a firm, the level of underpricing during an initial public offering (IPO), and their long-term performance. Earnings management has been acknowledged as a matter of concern during IPOs since long; however, its relationship with underpricing and long-term returns remained inconclusive in emerging markets like India. Using a sample of Indian IPO firms, this study finds that firms that manage accruals aggressively in the pre-IPO period have high initial returns and subsequently low stock returns in the post-IPO period. This study also observed that firms that have used abnormal accruals more conservatively while reporting earnings have better returns in the third year after IPO compared to the firms that reported more aggressively. The results are in consonance with the theory of information asymmetry and suggest that valuation of an IPO firm becomes ambiguous with high level of earnings management, which leads to higher underpricing.

Suggested Citation

  • Aprajita Pandey & J. K. Pattanayak, 2022. "Earnings Management and IPO Anomalies—Evidence from Indian Stock Market," Business Perspectives and Research, , vol. 10(1), pages 27-45, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:busper:v:10:y:2022:i:1:p:27-45
    DOI: 10.1177/2278533721994719
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2278533721994719
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/2278533721994719?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Deepa Mangala & Mamta Dhanda, 2019. "Earnings Management and Performance of IPO Firms: Evidence from India," Indian Journal of Corporate Governance, , vol. 12(1), pages 39-58, June.
    2. Jay R. Ritter & Ivo Welch, 2002. "A Review of IPO Activity, Pricing, and Allocations," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 57(4), pages 1795-1828, August.
    3. Jeffrey Gramlich & Ole Sørensen, 2004. "Voluntary management earnings forecasts and discretionary accruals: evidence from Danish IPOs," European Accounting Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(2), pages 235-259.
    4. Aharony, Joseph & Wang, Jiwei & Yuan, Hongqi, 2010. "Tunneling as an incentive for earnings management during the IPO process in China," Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(1), pages 1-26, January.
    5. Carter, Richard B & Manaster, Steven, 1990. "Initial Public Offerings and Underwriter Reputation," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 45(4), pages 1045-1067, September.
    6. Masako Darrough & Srinivasan Rangan, 2005. "Do Insiders Manipulate Earnings When They Sell Their Shares in an Initial Public Offering?," Journal of Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(1), pages 1-33, March.
    7. Jing Gao & Ling Mei Cong & John Evans, 2015. "Earnings Management, IPO Underpricing, and Post-Issue Stock Performance of Chinese SMEs," Chinese Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(5), pages 351-371, September.
    8. Hanley, Kathleen Weiss, 1993. "The underpricing of initial public offerings and the partial adjustment phenomenon," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(2), pages 231-250, October.
    9. Pham, Peter K. & Kalev, Petko S. & Steen, Adam B., 2003. "Underpricing, stock allocation, ownership structure and post-listing liquidity of newly listed firms," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(5), pages 919-947, May.
    10. Erickson, Merle & Wang, Shiing-wu, 1999. "Earnings management by acquiring firms in stock for stock mergers," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 149-176, April.
    11. Ball, Ray & Shivakumar, Lakshmanan, 2008. "Earnings quality at initial public offerings," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(2-3), pages 324-349, August.
    12. Koh, Francis & Walter, Terry, 1989. "A direct test of Rock's model of the pricing of unseasoned issues," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 23(2), pages 251-272, August.
    13. Jones, Jj, 1991. "Earnings Management During Import Relief Investigations," Journal of Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(2), pages 193-228.
    14. Nischay Arora & Balwinder Singh, 2019. "Impact of Auditor and Underwriter Reputation on Underpricing of SME IPOs in India," Management and Labour Studies, XLRI Jamshedpur, School of Business Management & Human Resources, vol. 44(2), pages 193-208, May.
    15. Ibbotson, Roger G., 1975. "Price performance of common stock new issues," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 2(3), pages 235-272, September.
    16. Roosenboom, Peter & van der Goot, Tjalling & Mertens, Gerard, 2003. "Earnings management and initial public offerings: Evidence from the Netherlands," The International Journal of Accounting, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 243-266.
    17. Siew Hong Teoh & T. J. Wong & Gita R. Rao, 1998. "Are Accruals during Initial Public Offerings Opportunistic?," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 3(1), pages 175-208, March.
    18. Rachappa Shette & Sudershan Kuntluru & Sunder Ram Korivi, 2016. "Opportunistic earnings management during initial public offerings: evidence from India," Review of Accounting and Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 15(3), pages 352-371, August.
    19. Rachappa Shette & Sudershan Kuntluru & Sunder Ram Korivi, 2016. "Opportunistic earnings management during initial public offerings: evidence from India," Review of Accounting and Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 15(3), pages 352-371, August.
    20. Kasznik, R, 1999. "On the association between voluntary disclosure and earnings management," Journal of Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 37(1), pages 57-81.
    21. Joseph Aharony & Chan†Jane Lin & Martin P. Loeb, 1993. "Initial Public Offerings, Accounting Choices, and Earnings Management," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 10(1), pages 61-81, September.
    22. William Dimovski & Simmala Philavanh & Robert Brooks, 2011. "Underwriter reputation and underpricing: evidence from the Australian IPO market," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 37(4), pages 409-426, November.
    23. James C. Brau & Stanley E. Fawcett, 2006. "Initial Public Offerings: An Analysis of Theory and Practice," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 61(1), pages 399-436, February.
    24. Beatty, Randolph P. & Ritter, Jay R., 1986. "Investment banking, reputation, and the underpricing of initial public offerings," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(1-2), pages 213-232.
    25. Liu, Xiaoding & Ritter, Jay R., 2011. "Local underwriter oligopolies and IPO underpricing," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(3), pages 579-601.
    26. Kirkulak, Berna & Davis, Colin, 2005. "Underwriter reputation and underpricing: Evidence from the Japanese IPO market," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 13(4), pages 451-470, September.
    27. Rachappa Shette & Sudershan Kuntluru & Sunder Ram Korivi, 2016. "Opportunistic earnings management during initial public offerings: evidence from India," Review of Accounting and Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 15(3), pages 352-371, August.
    28. Luigi Zingales, 1995. "Insider Ownership and the Decision to Go Public," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 62(3), pages 425-448.
    29. repec:bla:jfinan:v:53:y:1998:i:1:p:285-311 is not listed on IDEAS
    30. Teoh, Siew Hong & Welch, Ivo & Wong, T. J., 1998. "Earnings management and the underperformance of seasoned equity offerings," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(1), pages 63-99, October.
    31. DeFond, Mark L. & Jiambalvo, James, 1994. "Debt covenant violation and manipulation of accruals," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 17(1-2), pages 145-176, January.
    32. Bhattacharya, Utpal & Daouk, Hazem & Welker, Michael, 2003. "The World Price of Earnings Opacity," Working Papers 127185, Cornell University, Department of Applied Economics and Management.
    33. Mark Schaub & Michael J. Highfield, 2004. "Short-term and long-term performance of IPOs and SEOs traded as American depository receipts: Does timing matter?," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 5(4), pages 263-271, December.
    34. Bill B. Francis & Iftekhar Hasan & Mingming Zhou, 2012. "Strategic Conservative Earnings Management of Technology Firms: Evidence from the IPO Market," Financial Markets, Institutions & Instruments, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 21(5), pages 261-293, December.
    35. Megginson, William L & Weiss, Kathleen A, 1991. "Venture Capitalist Certification in Initial Public Offerings," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 46(3), pages 879-903, July.
    36. repec:eme:mfppss:mf-02-2019-0068 is not listed on IDEAS
    37. Ritter, Jay R., 1987. "The costs of going public," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 269-281, December.
    38. Aharony, J & Lee, CWJ & Wong, TJ, 2000. "Financial packaging of IPO firms in China," Journal of Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 38(1), pages 103-126.
    39. Rock, Kevin, 1986. "Why new issues are underpriced," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(1-2), pages 187-212.
    40. John M. Friedlan, 1994. "Accounting Choices of Issuers of Initial Public Offerings," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 11(1), pages 1-31, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tiziana La Rocca, 2021. "Do prestigious underwriters shape IPO pricing? A meta-analytic review," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 15(3), pages 573-609, April.
    2. Fouad Jamaani & Manal Alidarous, 2019. "Review of Theoretical Explanations of IPO Underpricing," Journal of Accounting, Business and Finance Research, Scientific Publishing Institute, vol. 6(1), pages 1-18.
    3. Natalia Matanova & Tanja Steigner & Bingsheng Yi & Qiancheng Zheng, 2019. "Going concern opinions and IPO pricing accuracy," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 53(1), pages 195-238, July.
    4. Catherine M. Daily & S. Trevis Certo & Dan R. Dalton & Rungpen Roengpitya, 2003. "IPO Underpricing: A Meta–Analysis and Research Synthesis," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 27(3), pages 271-295, July.
    5. Agathee, Ushad Subadar & Sannassee, Raja Vinesh & Brooks, Chris, 2012. "The underpricing of IPOs on the Stock Exchange of Mauritius," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 26(2), pages 281-303.
    6. Nischay Arora & Balwinder Singh, 2024. "Do Prestigious Underwriters Shape the Performance of SME IPOs in India?," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 25(3), pages 632-655, June.
    7. Dechow, Patricia & Ge, Weili & Schrand, Catherine, 2010. "Understanding earnings quality: A review of the proxies, their determinants and their consequences," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(2-3), pages 344-401, December.
    8. Alhadab, Mohammad & Clacher, Iain, 2018. "The impact of audit quality on real and accrual earnings management around IPOs," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 50(4), pages 442-461.
    9. Agoraki, Maria-Eleni K. & Gounopoulos, Dimitrios & Kouretas, Georgios P., 2022. "U.S. banks’ IPOs and political money contributions," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    10. Tatiana Fedyk & Zvi Singer & Mark Soliman, 2017. "The sharpest tool in the shed: IPO financial statement management of STEM vs. non-STEM firms," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 22(4), pages 1541-1581, December.
    11. Agoraki, Maria-Eleni & Gounopoulos, Dimitrios & Kouretas, Georgios P., 2021. "Market expectations and the impact of credit rating on the IPOs of U.S. banks," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 587-610.
    12. Evgeny Lyandres & Fangjian Fu & Erica X. N. Li, 2018. "Do Underwriters Compete in IPO Pricing?," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 64(2), pages 925-954, February.
    13. Sarra Ben Slama Zouari & Abdelkader Boudriga & Neila Boulila Taktak, 2011. "Determinants Of Ipo Underpricing: Evidence From Tunisia," The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 5(1), pages 13-32.
    14. Kanagaretnam, Kiridaran & Lee, Jimmy & Lim, Chee Yeow & Lobo, Gerald J., 2022. "Trusting the stock market: Further evidence from IPOs around the world," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    15. Klova, Valeriia, 2017. "IPO underpricing: What about the shipping sector?," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 42, pages 95-115.
    16. Colak, Gonul & Fu, Mengchuan & Hasan, Iftekhar, 2025. "Predicting IPO first-day returns: Evidence from machine learning analyses," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    17. Goergen, Marc & Gounopoulos, Dimitrios & Koutroumpis, Panagiotis, 2021. "Do multiple credit ratings reduce money left on the table? Evidence from U.S. IPOs," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    18. Nischay Arora & Balwinder Singh, 2019. "Impact of Auditor and Underwriter Reputation on Underpricing of SME IPOs in India," Management and Labour Studies, XLRI Jamshedpur, School of Business Management & Human Resources, vol. 44(2), pages 193-208, May.
    19. Reber, Beat, 2017. "Does mispricing, liquidity or third-party certification contribute to IPO downside risk?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 25-53.
    20. Smart, Scott B. & Zutter, Chad J., 2003. "Control as a motivation for underpricing: a comparison of dual and single-class IPOs," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(1), pages 85-110, July.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:busper:v:10:y:2022:i:1:p:27-45. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.