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Growth and Diversity of the Population of the Soviet Union

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  • BARBARA A. ANDERSON
  • BRIAN D. SILVER

Abstract

The most remarkable feature of the Soviet Union's demography is its ethnic diversity. More than 90 ethnic groups are indigenous to the territory of the Soviet Union. Ethnic Russians composed only 50.8 percent of the population according to preliminary 1989 census results. The article examines official Soviet statistics for the period 1959 to 1989 to illustrate some of the risks in describing Soviet demographic behavior. Is fertility in the Soviet Union high or low? Answer: both. Is the Soviet population growing rapidly or slowly? Answer: both. The changing ethnic composition of the population of the USSR as a whole reflects large differences in growth rates of ethnic groups; the changing composition of the USSR by region also reflects differences in migration by ethnic group. Differences in growth rates are reshaping the ethnic composition of the Soviet labor force. For the USSR as a whole between 1979 and 1989, three-fourths of the net increment to the working ages was contributed by the one-sixth of the population in 1979 that was traditionally Muslim in religion.

Suggested Citation

  • Barbara A. Anderson & Brian D. Silver, 1990. "Growth and Diversity of the Population of the Soviet Union," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 510(1), pages 155-177, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:anname:v:510:y:1990:i:1:p:155-177
    DOI: 10.1177/0002716290510001012
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Barbara Anderson & Brian Silver, 1985. "Estimating census undercount from school enrollment data: An application to the Soviet censuses of 1959 and 1970," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 22(2), pages 289-308, May.
    2. Silver, Brian, 1974. "Levels of Sociocultural Development Among Soviet Nationalities: A Partial Test of the Equalization Hypothesis," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 68(4), pages 1618-1637, December.
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