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The Aging of Intelligence: Potential and Limits

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  • URSULA M. STAUDINGER
  • STEVEN W. CORNELIUS
  • PAUL B. BALTES

Abstract

The aging of intelligence features a paradox including both growth and decline in performance, as well as latent potential and aging-related limits to further growth. Two resolutions to the paradox are offered. First, because of the dual-process nature of intelligence—fluid mechanics versus crystallized pragmatics—there is the possibility of differing life-span trajectories characterized by a decline in the mechanics and select growth in the pragmatics. Second, because of the facilitative and enriching effect of knowledge-based pragmatics, highly effective cognitive performances in old age are possible despite an aging-related loss in cognitive mechanics. A model of selective optimization with compensation is presented to elucidate various interventional strategies that allow for intellectual efficacy and growth despite increased biological vulnerability and decreased intellectual reserve capacity. A visionary social policy for old age needs to recognize this double-edged nature of the aging mind: limits and potential.

Suggested Citation

  • Ursula M. Staudinger & Steven W. Cornelius & Paul B. Baltes, 1989. "The Aging of Intelligence: Potential and Limits," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 503(1), pages 43-59, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:anname:v:503:y:1989:i:1:p:43-59
    DOI: 10.1177/0002716289503001004
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