Marginality and deviance: theoretical, methodological and axiological aspects of the problem[Маргинальность И Девиантность: Теоретико-Методологические И Аксиологические Аспекты Проблемы]

Introduction. The study is devoted to the urgent problem of studying the phenomena of marginality and deviance in modern society. In the context of intense social transformations, political and economic changes and the crisis of traditional institutions of socialization, there is an increase in various forms of social exclusion and deviant behavior, which requires deep theoretical and axiological understanding. In the context of the social space of postmodern reality, this is of particular interest due to the fact that the semantic content of the concept of "marginality" is changing. The study of the relationship between the processes of marginalization and deviation as indicators of social disadvantage and the dysfunction of social integration mechanisms is of critical importance. Purpose. A comprehensive analysis of the theoretical, methodological and axiological aspects of the problem of marginality and deviance. Materials and methods. The research methods are based on an interdisciplinary approach, including socio-philosophical, sociological and political analysis. The methods of theoretical generalization, comparative analysis, as well as the analysis of empirical data from ongoing sociological research are used. Results. In modern society, marginality is becoming a universal trend of alienation, manifested at both the personal and group levels. The dualistic nature of marginality is revealed, which can manifest itself in the form of positive deviations (innovation and leadership potential) and negative ones (destructive behavior). It has been established that in the context of globalization and the blurring of socio-cultural boundaries, the traditional understanding of marginality is being transformed. Conclusions. At various levels, from theoretical developments to practical social policy and everyday life, it is necessary to take into account the dual nature of marginality. This means that along with traditional methods of isolating marginalized elements, it is important to develop various programs for their social and psychological adaptation, strengthening national unity. Such an integrated approach will allow us to find a balance between minimizing the risks and negative consequences of deviant behavior and using the positive potential of marginality, which can be a source of innovative thinking, new forms of leadership and breakthrough social changes.