Organization of the agronomic services in Siberia in the 1920s: Discourse and choice[Организация Агрономического Обслуживания В Сибири В 1920-Е Гг.: Дискурс И Выбор]

The article presents the expert discourse on the optimal structure of the agricultur- al network in Siberia in the 1920s and its institutionalization in the agronomic services in the village. The author conducts his analysis taking into account the agrarian policy of the Soviet state and the ideological-theoretical struggle in the agrarian science; he also focuses on the views of A.V. Chayanov. Before the revolution, there were two sys- tems of agronomic assistance in Russia. The state agricultural assistance was sectoral and was provided in large districts. The zemstvo (public) assistance was local and com- plex. In Siberia in the early 20th century, the state agronomy prevailed. After the estab- lishment of the Soviet power in the region, the discussion began between supporters of the sectoral, local and district systems of the agricultural network. The People’s Com- missariat of Agriculture recommended the widespread introduction of the local agricul- tural network; and there were also local experiments with other systems. In the mid- 1920s, under the administrative reform, the local-district system was chosen, but soon it was changed into the district one. The Soviet agronomic system developed under the NEP was largely based on the principles of pre-revolutionary social agronomy. The dis- tinctive feature of the Soviet agricultural assistance was its nationalization. Theorists of the public agronomy positively evaluated this feature of the Soviet agricultural sys- tem, which, in their opinion, allowed efficient rationalization of the peasant economy. In the late 1920s, the USSR abandoned the basic principles of public agronomy and later eliminated the agronomic assistance system of the NEP period.