The southern border of the prevailing three-field system of farming in the peasant lands of Russia by the early 20th century[Южная Граница Преобладания Трехпольной Системы Полевого Хозяйства На Крестьянских Землях России К Началу Xx Века]

This is an article of Alexander Chayanov (1888–1937) first published in 1910 in the Agri- culture and Forestry. The article is based on the graduate work of Chayanov written at the Moscow Agricultural Institute under the guidance of the Professor of agricultural economy and agricultural statistics A.F. Fortunatov. The article considers farming systems used by peasants on communal lands in the provinces of European Russia in the late 19th — early 20th centuries. Chayanov grouped main systems of the peasant economy into five types: three-field, two-field, many-field, transient (lea tillage), and upland farming. The key sourc- es for the definition and localization of farming systems were the data of non-government (zemstvo) statistics and the descriptions of farming systems provided by local agronomists in a number of provinces. Chayanov also used the ratio of the sown and fallow lands as an indicator of the farming system. He calculated this ratio on the basis of the land statis- tics data collected by the Central Statistical Committee in 1881 and 1893 in 46 gubernias of European Russia. The results of his work are presented in the cartogram indicating the southern and eastern borders of the prevailing three-field system of farming. This publica- tion is mainly for historians focusing on the agrarian history and the works of Chayanov.