Social changes in the human capital of Russian elderly citizens in labor activities[Особенности И Проблемы Реализации Муниципальных Образований В Городах Федерального Значения]

In cities with federal status, powers of local governments differ significantly from those of municipalities in the rest of the country. Taking into account the processes of urbanization, the interest in the development of large cities increases greatly. The article is devoted to the study of the allocation of powers between the levels of government in cities with federal status and the development of recommendations for improving the interaction of regional and local authorities in the field of matters of local significance. The research is aimed at identifying specific problems associated mainly with excessive centralization of government and resources in such cities and searching for directions for evolutionary solutions to these problems. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to analyze the main theoretical insights in the distribution of powers between levels of government and assess their applicability to large cities with a two-level government system, as well as to identify common and special features inherent in the powers of intra-city local government bodies. Based on the analysis, the main problems that have formed in the sphere of distribution and ensuring the implementation of local authorities in cities with federal status are identified, and a scientific and methodological approach is developed to improve the distribution of powers in cities with federal status and develop recommendations for improving the interaction of regional and local authorities in this area. The research is based on a set of theoretical developments, including the institutional approach, the theory of public choice, the theory of agency conflicts, the decentralization theorem and the principle of subsidiarity. General scientific principles of system-structural and structural-functional analysis were applied, comparative and dialectical methods were used to study the features of specific municipalities, in combination they allow us to identify common and special features of the allocation of powers between the regional and local levels of government in cities with federal status. The research has led to the conclusion that today the powers are not always allocated optimally, and it is necessary to increase the level of decentralization of the allocation of powers and resources in Federal cities. The developed proposals will allow making reasonable changes to certain aspects of the distribution of powers in cities with federal status, aimed at improving the efficiency of government, the coherence of interests of various authorities and the population, and therefore the quality of budget services provided to residents.