Challenges and opportunities for SMES in Moldova’s tourism sector: strategic positioning and competitiveness in the knowledge-based economy

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the tourism sector represent a key pillar of the Republic of Moldova’s economy, playing a significant role in generating local economic activity and in valorizing the tourism potential of different regions. Within the context of European integration and the transition towards a knowledge-based economy, these enterprises face a dual reality shaped by both emerging opportunities and persistent structural constraints. The purpose of this article is to analyze and provide an overview of the strategic positioning of tourism-related SMEs in the Republic of Moldova, with a particular focus on competitiveness, digital transformation, and adaptation to emerging economic paradigms. The study is based on an analysis of recent statistical data, a review of relevant academic literature, and a comparative assessment of public policies and best practices in the field of tourism. It identifies the main barriers limiting sectoral development, including restricted access to financing, shortages of skilled labor, low levels of digitalization, and the fragmented nature of the tourism offer. The findings of the analysis indicate that, although the tourism potential of the Republic of Moldova is considerable, the capacity of small and medium-sized enterprises to transform this potential into a sustainable competitive advantage remains limited in the absence of coherent strategic interventions. The article emphasizes the need to strengthen cooperation among local stakeholders, increase investment in human capital, and enhance the use of digital tools as key drivers of competitiveness. The conclusions also outline a set of policy-oriented recommendations aimed at supporting the integration of tourism SMEs into the knowledge-based economy and fostering the sustainable development of the sector.