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Infraestrutura de transporte como alavanca do comércio e da redução da desigualdade: Evidências para os estados brasileiros
[Transport infrastructure as a lever for trade and inequality reduction: Evidence for the Brazilian states]

Author

Listed:
  • Alana Marinho Feitosa

    (Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS))

  • Jefferson Souza Fraga

    (Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS))

Abstract

Este artigo analisa os efeitos do investimento público em infraestrutura de transporte sobre as exportações, os déficits comerciais e a desigualdade de renda nos estados brasileiros no período de 2001 a 2020. A estratégia empírica adotada baseia-se no estimador GMM-System, adequado à modelagem de dados em painel dinâmico sujeitos a problemas de endogeneidade e heterogeneidade não observada. Os resultados indicam que a ampliação da infraestrutura de transporte está positivamente associada ao crescimento das exportações, à redução dos déficits comerciais e à diminuição da desigualdade de renda. Exercícios contrafactuais sugerem que um aumento de 20% no investimento em infraestrutura pode elevar as exportações em aproximadamente 3% e reduzir o déficit comercial em até 5%. Do ponto de vista distributivo, o mesmo choque implicaria uma diminuição de até 0,4 ponto percentual no índice de Gini estadual. Os achados empíricos destacam a importância estratégica da infraestrutura como vetor de desenvolvimento regional e de promoção da coesão socioeconômica no contexto brasileiro. This article examines the effects of public investment in transportation infrastructure on exports, trade deficits, and income inequality across Brazilian states over the period 2001–2020. The empirical strategy relies on the System GMM estimator, which is well suited for dynamic panel data models subject to endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity. The findings indicate that improvements in transportation infrastructure are positively associated with export growth, a reduction in trade deficits, and a decline in income inequality. Counterfactual simulations suggest that a 20% increase in infrastructure investment could raise exports by approximately 3% and reduce the trade deficit by up to 5%. From a distributive perspective, the same shock would lead to a reduction of up to 0.4 percentage points in the state-level Gini index. The empirical evidence underscores the strategic role of infrastructure as a driver of regional development and a promoter of socioeconomic cohesion in the Brazilian context.

Suggested Citation

  • Alana Marinho Feitosa & Jefferson Souza Fraga, 2025. "Infraestrutura de transporte como alavanca do comércio e da redução da desigualdade: Evidências para os estados brasileiros [Transport infrastructure as a lever for trade and inequality reduction: ," Revista Brasileira de Estudos Regionais e Urbanos, Associação Brasileira de Estudos Regionais e Urbanos (ABER), vol. 19(4), pages 534-558, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:rberur:021938
    DOI: 10.54766/rberu.v19i4.1190
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    JEL classification:

    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade

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