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Efeito de uma renda básica na economia brasileira medido pela matriz insumo-produto
[Effect of a basic income on the Brazilian economy measured by the input-output matrix]

Author

Listed:
  • Candido de Sousa Carlos Henrique

    (Universidade Federal do Ceará)

  • Christiano Modesto Penna

    (Universidade Federal do Ceará)

Abstract

O estudo avalia os impactos distributivos e macroeconômicos de uma Renda Básica Universal de R$ 422,00 mensais por pessoa no Brasil, usando uma abordagem de microssimulação e o modelo insumo-produto Leontief-Miyazawa, com dados da PNAD Contínua 2019, POF 2017/2018 e matriz de 2019. Financiada por um imposto de renda linear, a política redistribui renda dos ricos para os pobres, aumentando a participação dos cinco primeiros décimos na renda total e direcionando o consumo para setores como alimentação, comércio e serviços domésticos. Em relação ao cenário inicial, estima-se um aumento estrutural de 8% na renda, 10% na produção e 11% no emprego, com forte impacto em setores intensivos em mão de obra. Apesar do custo fiscal de 11% do PIB e da manutenção de parte significativa da renda pelos estratos superiores, a RBU reduz a desigualdade e impulsiona a economia, contribuindo com evidências para o debate sobre sua viabilidade no Brasil. The study assesses the distributive and macroeconomic impacts of a Universal Basic Income of R$ 422,00 per month per person in Brazil, using a microsimulation and input output approach based on the Leontief Miyazawa model. It relies on data from the 2019 Continuous National Household Sample Survey, the 2017/2018 Household Budget Survey, and Brazil’s 2019 input-output matrix. Funded through a flat income tax, the UBI redistributes income from the richest to the poorest, increasing the share of total income held by the bottom 50% and redirecting consumption toward sectors such as food, retail, and domestic services. Compared to the baseline scenario, it results in structural gains of 8% in income, 10% in output, and 11% in employment, with strong effects in labor-intensive sectors. Despite a fiscal cost of 11% of GDP and continued income concentration among the wealthiest, the UBI reduces inequality and stimulates economic activity, offering evidence to support its feasibility in Brazil.

Suggested Citation

  • Candido de Sousa Carlos Henrique & Christiano Modesto Penna, 2025. "Efeito de uma renda básica na economia brasileira medido pela matriz insumo-produto [Effect of a basic income on the Brazilian economy measured by the input-output matrix]," Revista Brasileira de Estudos Regionais e Urbanos, Associação Brasileira de Estudos Regionais e Urbanos (ABER), vol. 19(3), pages 341-364, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:rberur:021925
    DOI: 10.54766/rberu.v19i3.1175
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • D64 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Altruism; Philanthropy; Intergenerational Transfers
    • E22 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity
    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity

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