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Previsão do consumo de energia elétrica na região Sudeste: aplicação de modelos ARIMA e LSTM
[Forecasting electricity consumption in the southeast region: Application of ARIMA and LSTM models]

Author

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  • Iago Gomes Gonçalves

    (Universidade Federal de Viçosa)

Abstract

The objective of this study is to forecast electricity consumption in the Southeast region of Brazil from April 2023 to March 2024 using ARIMA models and LSTM neural networks. Using monthly data from 2002 to 2023, the research compares the models based on the error metrics RMSE, EAM, and MAPE. The ARIMA model captures seasonal and linear patterns in the short term, while the LSTM model excels in predicting nonlinear and long-term trends. The combination of the two approaches has shown promise in improving forecasting accuracy, suggesting that policymakers can have reasonable expectations about future projections. This research contributes methodologically by exploring complementary approaches, and a practical contribution to efficient energy planning, based on more assertive short-term forecasts, which allow for the safe operation of the electricity system, reducing the risk of overloads and interruptions in energy supply. O objetivo deste estudo é prever o consumo de energia elétrica na região Sudeste do Brasil, de abril de 2023 a março de 2024, utilizando modelos ARIMA e redes neurais LSTM. Utilizando dados mensais de 2002 a 2023, a pesquisa compara os modelos com base nas métricas de erro RMSE, EAM e MAPE. O modelo ARIMA captura padrões sazonais e lineares no curto prazo, enquanto o modelo LSTM se destaca na previsão de tendências não lineares e de longo prazo. A combinação das duas abordagens se mostrou promissora para aumentar a precisão das previsões, indicando que os formuladores de políticas podem criar expectativas razoáveis quanto às projeções futuras. Esta pesquisa contribui metodologicamente ao explorar abordagens complementares e, em termos práticos, contribui para um planejamento energético eficiente, baseado em previsões de curto prazo mais assertivas, que permitem a operação segura do sistema elétrico, reduzindo o risco de sobrecargas e interrupções no fornecimento de energia.

Suggested Citation

  • Iago Gomes Gonçalves, 2025. "Previsão do consumo de energia elétrica na região Sudeste: aplicação de modelos ARIMA e LSTM [Forecasting electricity consumption in the southeast region: Application of ARIMA and LSTM models]," Revista Brasileira de Estudos Regionais e Urbanos, Associação Brasileira de Estudos Regionais e Urbanos (ABER), vol. 19(3), pages 310-340, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:rberur:021924
    DOI: 10.54766/rberu.v19i3.1158
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    JEL classification:

    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • Q47 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Energy Forecasting

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