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Trends in cryptocurrencies and blockchain technologies: a monetary theory and regulation perspective

Author

Listed:
  • Peters, Gareth W.

    (University of Oxford - Man Institute of Quantitative Finance)

  • Panayi, Efstathios

    (London School of Economics)

  • Chapelley, Ariane

    (UCL, Department of Computer Science, London)

Abstract

The internet era has generated a requirement for low-cost, anonymous and rapidly verifiable transactions to be used for online barter, and fast settling money has emerged as a consequence. For the most part, electronic money (e-money) has fulfilled this role, but the last few years have seen two new types of money emerge — centralized virtual currencies, usually for the purpose of transacting in social and gaming economies, and cryptocurrencies, which aim to eliminate the need for financial intermediaries by offering direct peer-to-peer (P2P) online payments. We describe the historical context that led to the development of these currencies and some modern and recent trends in their uptake, in terms of both usage in the real economy and as investment products. As these currencies are purely digital constructs, with no government or local authority backing, we discuss them in the context of monetary theory, in order to determine how they may be valued under each. Finally, we provide an overview of the state of regulatory readiness in terms of dealing with transactions in these currencies in various regions of the world.

Suggested Citation

  • Peters, Gareth W. & Panayi, Efstathios & Chapelley, Ariane, 2015. "Trends in cryptocurrencies and blockchain technologies: a monetary theory and regulation perspective," Journal of Financial Perspectives, EY Global FS Institute, vol. 3(3), pages 92-113.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:jofipe:0089
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. José Parra Moyano & Omri Ross, 2017. "KYC Optimization Using Distributed Ledger Technology," Business & Information Systems Engineering: The International Journal of WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK, Springer;Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (GI), vol. 59(6), pages 411-423, December.
    2. Seong-Kyu Kim & Ung-Mo Kim & Jun-Ho Huh, 2019. "A Study on Improvement of Blockchain Application to Overcome Vulnerability of IoT Multiplatform Security," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-29, January.
    3. Romi Kher & Siri Terjesen & Chen Liu, 2021. "Blockchain, Bitcoin, and ICOs: a review and research agenda," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 56(4), pages 1699-1720, April.
    4. Mielberg, Egger L., 2018. "Sphere," OSF Preprints fg8r2, Center for Open Science.
    5. Alexander Grech & Anthony Camilleri, 2017. "Blockchain in Education," JRC Research Reports JRC108255, Joint Research Centre.
    6. Muhammad Najib Razali & Rohaya Abdul Jalil & Ainur Zaireen Zainudin & Norhidayah Mohd Yunus & Azlina Mohd. Yassin, 2021. "Blockchain System Architecture for Land Registration," LARES lares-2021-4dqe, Latin American Real Estate Society (LARES).
    7. Muhammad Sardaraz ( & Muhammad Tahir & Usman Aziz, 2022. "Critical Review of Blockchain Consensus Algorithms: challenges and opportunities," International Journal of Innovations in Science & Technology, 50sea, vol. 4(5), pages 52-64, June.
    8. Ammar AL-Ashmori & Shuib Bin Basri & P. D. D. Dominic & Luiz Fernando Capretz & Amgad Muneer & Abdullateef Oluwagbemiga Balogun & Abdul Rehman Gilal & Rao Faizan Ali, 2022. "Classifications of Sustainable Factors in Blockchain Adoption: A Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-30, April.
    9. Hang Bui Thi Thu & Huy Dinh Tran Ngoc & An Phan Thuy & Ngoc Nguyen Thi Bich & Duyen Huynh Thi My, 2020. "Current situation of Bitcoin management and use: perspectives from the world and recommendations for vietnam," Management, Sciendo, vol. 24(2), pages 209-235, December.
    10. Ahluwalia, Saurabh & Mahto, Raj V. & Guerrero, Maribel, 2020. "Blockchain technology and startup financing: A transaction cost economics perspective," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    11. Heidari , Hamed & Mousakhani , Morteza & Alborzi , Mahmood & Divandari , Ali & Radfar , Reza, 2019. "Explaining the Blockchain Acceptance Indices in Iran Financial Markets: A Fuzzy Delphi Study," Journal of Money and Economy, Monetary and Banking Research Institute, Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, vol. 14(3), pages 335-365, July.
    12. Olanrewaju Isola FATOKI & Jedidah WANJAGI, 2019. "The Future of Kenyan Banks: Mitigate Financial Risk Using Cryptocurrencies and Blockchain Technology," RAIS Journal for Social Sciences, Research Association for Interdisciplinary Studies, vol. 3(2), pages 69-84, November.
    13. Albayati, Hayder & Kim, Suk Kyoung & Rho, Jae Jeung, 2020. "Accepting financial transactions using blockchain technology and cryptocurrency: A customer perspective approach," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    14. Wandhöfer, Ruth, 2019. "Technology innovation in financial markets : Implications for money, payments and settlement finality," Other publications TiSEM b7d8b24a-dbf4-4f82-b596-3, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    15. Ammar AL-Ashmori & P. D. D. Dominic & Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh, 2022. "Items and Constructs of Blockchain Adoption in Software Development Industry: Experts Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-18, August.
    16. Amjad Pirotti & Amir Roknifard, 2020. "Trustless Technology within Trust-Based Systems; A Comparative Study of the Big Four’s Approach to Blockchain Adoption and its Future Prospects," Business Management and Strategy, Macrothink Institute, vol. 11(1), pages 232-242, June.
    17. Walsh, Clara & O’Reilly, Philip & Gleasure, Rob & McAvoy, John & O’Leary, Kevin, 2021. "Understanding manager resistance to blockchain systems," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 353-365.
    18. Ammar AL-Ashmori & Gunasekar Thangarasu & P. D. D. Dominic & Al-Baraa Abdulrahman Al-Mekhlafi, 2023. "A Readiness Model and Factors Influencing Blockchain Adoption in Malaysia’s Software Sector: A Survey Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-28, August.
    19. Chu-Chi Kuo & Joseph Z. Shyu, 2021. "A Cross-National Comparative Policy Analysis of the Blockchain Technology between the USA and China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-18, June.
    20. Hande Begüm Bumin Doyduk, 2019. "Impact of Digital Technology and the Use of Blockchain Technology from the Consumer Perspective," Contributions to Economics, in: Umit Hacioglu (ed.), Blockchain Economics and Financial Market Innovation, chapter 0, pages 271-292, Springer.
    21. Albekov Adam Umarovich & Vovchenko Natalia Gennadyevna & Andreeva Olga Vladimirovna & Sichev Roman Alexandrovich, 2017. "Block Chain and Financial Controlling in the System of Technological Provision of Large Corporations," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(3B), pages 3-12.
    22. Marten Risius & Kai Spohrer, 2017. "A Blockchain Research Framework," Business & Information Systems Engineering: The International Journal of WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK, Springer;Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (GI), vol. 59(6), pages 385-409, December.
    23. Lars Steinert & Christian Herff, 2018. "Predicting altcoin returns using social media," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(12), pages 1-12, December.
    24. Antonios Litke & Dimosthenis Anagnostopoulos & Theodora Varvarigou, 2019. "Blockchains for Supply Chain Management: Architectural Elements and Challenges Towards a Global Scale Deployment," Logistics, MDPI, vol. 3(1), pages 1-17, January.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Monetary theory; cryptocurrencies; blockchain technologies; regulations;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets

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