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Corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Institutional Quality

Author

Listed:
  • Ayat Esaa

    (Cukurova University, Adana, Republic of Türkiye)

  • Harun Bal

    (Cukurova University, Adana, Republic of Türkiye)

Abstract

This study assesses the determinants of corruption in the Sub-Sahara Africa region and focuses on the effect of institutional quality on corruption by applying the Instrumental variables Two Stages Least Square (IV-2SLS) regression model during the period from 1996 to 2022. The model is based on Luo’s (2005) approach, which includes institutional theories as a theoretical approach established by DiMaggio and Powell (1983), Tolbert and Zucker (1996), and Scott (2001). Results highlight the significant effects of four institutional quality indicators (government effectiveness, political stability, voice and accountability, and rule of law) on the reduction of corruption. Also, general results show that income inequality measured by the GINI index plays an important role in increasing corruption levels. Therefore, SSA governments should take responsibility for implementing a comprehensive whistle-blower protection act to guarantee that those who speak out about dishonest or illegal activities occurring in a government organization are not retaliated against.

Suggested Citation

  • Ayat Esaa & Harun Bal, 2026. "Corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Institutional Quality," Journal of Economic Development, The Economic Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, vol. 51(1), pages 115-143, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:jecdev:022431
    DOI: 10.35866/caujed.2026.51.1.005
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • C26 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation
    • D73 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption
    • E02 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General - - - Institutions and the Macroeconomy
    • O43 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Institutions and Growth

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