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Economic Convergence in the European Union

Author

Listed:
  • Yin, Ling

    (Jiangnan University)

  • K. Zestos, George

    (Christopher Newport University)

Abstract

Starting with the Treaty of Rome (1957), the European Union adopted common policies to promote “harmonious economic development and balanced expansion.” The paper investigates how successful such policies were, by examining whether there was economic convergence of the real per capita GDP in the EU. Two measures of convergence are employed. The first is σ, which is based on the cross standard deviation of the real per capita GDPs of the EU countries; the second is β convergence based on the neoclassical growth model. Both σ and β were estimated using EU data for the period 1960-1995. The empirical findings support the hypothesis of economic convergence within the EU except for the 1980-85 sub-period where weak divergence was indicated.

Suggested Citation

  • Yin, Ling & K. Zestos, George, 2003. "Economic Convergence in the European Union," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, vol. 18, pages 188-213.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:integr:0231
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Kertész, Krisztián, 2022. "A nemzetgazdasági konvergencia mozgatórugói az Európai Unióban [Drivers of national economic convergence in the European Union]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(7), pages 962-980.
    2. Valentina Ciriotto & José Noguera-Santaella, 2023. "The Catching up in Steady State per Capita Income: Latin America and the Caribbean," Atlantic Economic Journal, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 51(1), pages 71-82, March.
    3. Laia Maynou & Javier Ordóñez & José Ignacio Silva, 2020. "NEET rates convergence in Europe: A regional analysis," Working Papers 2020/08, Economics Department, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón (Spain).
    4. Eckey, Hans-Friedrich & Döring, Thomas & Türck, Matthias, 2006. "Convergence of regions from 23 EU member states," Volkswirtschaftliche Diskussionsbeiträge 86, University of Kassel, Faculty of Economics and Management.
    5. Eckey, Hans-Friedrich & Türck, Matthias, 2007. "Convergence of EU-Regions. A Literature Report," INVESTIGACIONES REGIONALES - Journal of REGIONAL RESEARCH, Asociación Española de Ciencia Regional, issue 10, pages 5-32.
    6. Lucian-Liviu Albu, 2012. "Structural Convergence in European Union," Annals - Economy Series, Constantin Brancusi University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 4, pages 1-10, December.
    7. Ovidiu Stoica & Angela Roman & Delia-Elena Diaconașu, 2019. "Real Convergence and European Integration with Focus on the New Member States," Scientific Annals of Economics and Business (continues Analele Stiintifice), Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, vol. 66(si), pages 215-228, December.
    8. Dzenita Siljak & Sandor Gyula Nagy, 2021. "The Effects of the Crisis on Convergence between the Eastern Partnership and EU-15 States," Economic Studies journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 7, pages 3-18.
    9. ALBU, Lucian Liviu, 2015. "Investment And Economic Growth On Medium And Long Term," Journal of Financial and Monetary Economics, Centre of Financial and Monetary Research "Victor Slavescu", vol. 2(1), pages 2-14.
    10. Wójcik-Leń, Justyna & Sobolewska-Mikulska, Katarzyna & Sajnóg, Natalia & Leń, Przemysław, 2018. "The idea of rational management of problematic agricultural areas in the course of land consolidation," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 36-45.
    11. Olcay COLAK, 2015. "Convergence Revisited: Case Of Eu And Eastern Europe," Regional Science Inquiry, Hellenic Association of Regional Scientists, vol. 0(1), pages 69-81, June.
    12. Gina Ionela Butnaru & Alina-Petronela Haller & Raluca Irina Clipa & Mirela Ștefănică & Mihaela Ifrim, 2020. "The Nexus Between Convergence of Conventional and Renewable Energy Consumption in the Present European Union States. Explorative Study on Parametric and Semi-Parametric Methods," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-19, October.
    13. Claudia Suárez‐Arbesú & Nicholas Apergis & Francisco J. Delgado, 2023. "Club convergence and factors of income inequality in the European Union," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(4), pages 3654-3666, October.
    14. Siljak Dzenita & Nagy Sándor Gyula, 2019. "Do Transition Countries Converge towards the European Union?," TalTech Journal of European Studies, Sciendo, vol. 9(1), pages 115-139, June.
    15. repec:ces:ifofor:v:19:y:2018:i:1:p:37-42 is not listed on IDEAS
    16. Eckey, Hans-Friedrich & Türck, Matthias, 2005. "Convergence of EU-regions: A literature report," Volkswirtschaftliche Diskussionsbeiträge 80, University of Kassel, Faculty of Economics and Management.
    17. Dimitar Zlatinov & Ilia Atanasov, 2021. "Absolute and Conditional Convergence: A Story about Convergence Clubs and Divergence in the EU," Economic Studies journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 2, pages 39-55.
    18. Monica Raileanu Szeles & Rodrigo Mendieta Muñoz, 2016. "Analyzing the Regional Economic Convergence in Ecuador. Insights from Parametric and Nonparametric Models," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(2), pages 43-65, June.
    19. Jakub Piecuch & Joanna Szarek, 2022. "Dynamic panel model in bioeconomy modeling," Agricultural Economics, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 68(1), pages 20-27.
    20. Dzenita SILJAK & Sándor Gyula NAGY, 2018. "Economic convergence of the Eastern Partnership countries towards the EU-13," Eastern Journal of European Studies, Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 9, pages 169-185, December.
    21. Mindaugas Butkus & Diana Cibulskiene & Alma Maciulyte-Sniukiene & Kristina Matuzeviciute, 2018. "What Is the Evolution of Convergence in the EU? Decomposing EU Disparities up to NUTS 3 Level," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-37, May.
    22. Goran Radosavljeviæ & Mihajlo Babin & Miloš Eriæ & Jelisaveta Lazareviæ, 2020. "Income convergence between Southeast Europe and the European Union," Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci/Proceedings of Rijeka Faculty of Economics, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Economics and Business, vol. 38(2), pages 499-519.
    23. Kadigi, Reuben M.J. & Robinson, Elizabeth & Szabo, Sylvia & Kangile, Joseph & Mgeni, Charles P. & De Maria, Marcello & Tsusaka, Takuji & Nhau, Brighton, 2022. "Revisiting the Solow-Swan model of income convergence in the context of coffee producing and re-exporting countries in the world," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 115636, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    24. E. Tsanana & X. Chapsa & C. Katrakilidis, 2016. "Is growth corrupted or bureaucratic? Panel evidence from the enlarged EU," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(33), pages 3131-3147, July.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Beta (β); Convergence; Sigma (σ) convergence; European Union; Nonlinear Least Squares (NLS); Seemingly Unrelated Regressions(SUR);
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C10 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - General
    • C30 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - General
    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration

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