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Evaluating the Spectacle of Social Exclusion in Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Madni, Ghulam Rasool

    (University of Lahore, Pakistan)

  • Shahzad, Khurram

    (University of Lahore, Pakistan)

Abstract

Social exclusion is blockage or denied access of people from various rights, resources and opportunities (democratic participation, employment, housing, employment etc) that are normally available to other members of society. The outcome of social exclusion is limited economic, political and social life creating a barrier in the way of potential growth and development. The social exclusion of people is a big challenge for policy makers and researchers now days. This study is an attempt to find out the effects of trade liberalization and tax revenues on socially excluded people of Pakistan covering the time span of 1980-2016. The auto regressive distributed lag model is applied to determine the long and short run relationship among the variables. The findings of the study reveal that trade liberalization and per capita income has vital role to decrease the level of social exclusion while increase in tax revenues is increasing the social exclusion. Further globalization of the economy is suggested for social inclusion of the people.

Suggested Citation

  • Madni, Ghulam Rasool & Shahzad, Khurram, 2021. "Evaluating the Spectacle of Social Exclusion in Pakistan," Empirical Economic Review, Department of Economics and Statistics, Dr Hassan Murad School of Management, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, vol. 4(1), pages 33-51.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:empecr:0032
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    File URL: https://ojs.umt.edu.pk/index.php/eer/article/view/296/197
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    ARDL; Social Exclusion; Trade Liberalization;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B55 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - Current Heterodox Approaches - - - Social Economics
    • C13 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Estimation: General
    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory

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