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Multi-Regional Input-Output Model to Analyze the Economic Impacts of the North American Free Trade Agreement

Author

Listed:
  • Pablo Ruiz-Nápoles

    (Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, México)

  • Eduardo Moreno Reyes

    (Università degli studi di Macerata, Italy)

Abstract

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was renegotiated starting in 2017 under pressure from the US administration, which argued that the trade agreement had been unfair to the US economy and favorable to Mexico. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate which country—Mexico, Canada, or the United States—benefited the most from NAFTA, using economic indicators estimated through the Input-Output model. Specifically, the Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) analysis technique and data from the World Input-Output Database (WIOD) were employed. Our main finding is that US benefited relatively more from NAFTA’s trade and rules than Mexico or Canada did.

Suggested Citation

  • Pablo Ruiz-Nápoles & Eduardo Moreno Reyes, 2026. "Multi-Regional Input-Output Model to Analyze the Economic Impacts of the North American Free Trade Agreement," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 79(3), pages 343-378, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:ecoint:023524
    DOI: 10.65644/EIIE.079.03.0343
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    JEL classification:

    • C67 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Input-Output Models
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F53 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations

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