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An Asymmetric Capital Asset Pricing Model

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  • Abdulnasser Hatemi-J

    (Department of Economics and Finance, College of Business and Economics, UAE University, Al Ain, The United Arab Emirates)

Abstract

Providing a measure of market risk is an important issue for investors and financial institutions. However, the existing models for this purpose are per definition symmetric. The current paper introduces an asymmetric capital asset pricing model for measurement of the market risk. It explicitly accounts for the fact that falling prices determine the risk for a long position in the risky asset and the rising prices govern the risk for a short position. Thus, a position dependent market risk measure that is provided accords better with reality. The empirical application reveals that Apple stock is more volatile than the market only for the short seller. Surprisingly, the investor that has a long position in this stock is facing a lower volatility than the market. This property is not captured by the standard asset pricing model, which has important implications for the expected returns and hedging designs. Un modello asimmetrico di valutazione del capitale fisso La stima del rischio di mercato è un tema importante per investitori e istituzioni finanziarie. I modelli esistenti a questo fine sono, per definizione, simmetrici. In questo articolo si propone un modello asimmetrico di valutazione del capitale per stimare il rischio di mercato. Tramite questo modello si spiega perché i prezzi in calo determinano un rischio sul lungo termine, mentre l’aumento dei prezzi influisce sul rischio nel breve termine. Quindi, la stima del rischio legata alla durata degli assets fornita da questo modello si adatta meglio alla realtà. L’applicazione empirica rivela che le azioni di Apple sono più volatili del mercato solo per le vendite a breve termine. Sorprendentemente, l’investitore di lungo termine di queste azioni fronteggia una volatilità più bassa rispetto a quella di mercato. Questo caso non è colto dai modelli standard anche se esso ha implicazioni importanti rispetto ai rendimenti attesi e la definizione delle coperture.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdulnasser Hatemi-J, 2025. "An Asymmetric Capital Asset Pricing Model," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 78(4), pages 675-686, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:ecoint:021737
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hatemi-J, Abdulnasser & Hajji, Mohamed Ali & El-Khatib, Youssef, 2022. "Exact solution for the portfolio diversification problem based on maximizing the risk adjusted return," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    2. Abdulnasser Hatemi-J & Youssef El-Khatib, 2023. "The Dividend Discount Model with Multiple Growth Rates of any Order for Stock Evaluation," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 76(1), pages 135-146.
    3. Myron J. Gordon & Eli Shapiro, 1956. "Capital Equipment Analysis: The Required Rate of Profit," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 3(1), pages 102-110, October.
    4. Hatemi-J, Abdulnasser, 2013. "A New Asymmetric GARCH Model: Testing, Estimation and Application," MPRA Paper 45170, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Gordon, Myron J & Gould, L I, 1978. "The Cost of Equity Capital: A Reconsideration," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 33(3), pages 849-861, June.
    6. John Lintner, 1965. "Security Prices, Risk, And Maximal Gains From Diversification," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 20(4), pages 587-615, December.
    7. Hatemi-J, Abdulnasser & El-Khatib, Youssef, 2015. "Portfolio selection: An alternative approach," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 141-143.
    8. Daniel Andrei & Julien Cujean & Mungo Wilson, 2023. "The Lost Capital Asset Pricing Model," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 90(6), pages 2703-2762.
    9. William F. Sharpe, 1964. "Capital Asset Prices: A Theory Of Market Equilibrium Under Conditions Of Risk," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 19(3), pages 425-442, September.
    10. Eugene F. Fama & Kenneth R. French, 2004. "The Capital Asset Pricing Model: Theory and Evidence," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 18(3), pages 25-46, Summer.
    11. Helga Habis, 2024. "A three-period extension of the CAPM," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 51(9), pages 200-211, February.
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • C12 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Hypothesis Testing: General
    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates

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