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Is Prudential Regulation Prudent?

Author

Listed:
  • Stefano Mieli

    (Former Managing Director for Banking Regulation and Supervision, Banca d’Italia, Roma - Italy)

Abstract

The financial system is periodically hit by crises that erode confidence in the effectiveness of countries’ regulatory and supervisory regimes. The historical evolution of banking controls shows there has been a swinging back and forth to a stricter regulatory framework. The Basel Accord on Capital aimed at modernizing the methods of controlling banks while allowing them to behave freely as firms. After the 2007/2009 crisis, the reliance on market-oriented instruments was strongly reduced. In addition, to minimize fiscal costs, the emphasis switched from bail-out to bail-in. This note argues that bail-in has a potentially dangerous effect on stability. In particular, uninsured depositors have incentives to run. Doubts are also pointed out with regard to the effects of market discipline as well. In conclusion, inter alia suggestions, reassuring depositors by admitting that governments can act as a last guarantor is recommended. To counteract the bankers’ moral hazard, supervisors should receive full powers to act to stop risky behavior by banks. Financial stability is threatened by Too Big To Fail (TBTF) banks, and the size of large banks should be reduced. Also, some limitations of risky activity for banks should be reintroduced worldwide. La regolazione prudenziale è prudente? Il sistema finanziario è periodicamente colpito da crisi che scuotono la fiducia nell’efficacia dei sistemi di regolazione e supervisione. L’evoluzione storica dei controlli sulle banche mostra che vi sono stati avanti e indietro rispetto a una regolamentazione severa. L’accordo di Basilea sul Capitale intendeva modernizzare i metodi di controllo delle banche, permettendo al contempo di farle comportare liberamente come imprese. Dopo la crisi del 2007/2008 la fiducia negli strumenti di mercato inizialmente mostrata si è notevolmente ridotta. Inoltre, per minimizzare la spesa pubblica, l’enfasi si è spostata dal salvataggio pubblico al coinvolgimento dei privati, compresi i depositanti non coperti dall’assicurazione sui depositi (bail-in). Questa nota sostiene che il bail-in ha un potenziale effetto negativo sulla stabilità, fornendo un incentivo alla corsa al ritiro dei depositi. Dubbi sono avanzati anche sugli effetti della disciplina di mercato. Nelle conclusioni è fra l’altro raccomandato di rassicurare i depositanti, ammettendo l’intervento dei governi, se necessario. Per contenere il rischio di comportamenti eccessivamente rischiosi da parte delle banche, ai supervisori dovrebbero essere dati maggiori poteri. Le banche molto grandi (Too Big To Fail) sono una minaccia alla stabilità e la loro dimensione dovrebbe essere contenuta. Sarebbe anche opportuno reintrodurre limitazioni delle attività rischiose.

Suggested Citation

  • Stefano Mieli, 2025. "Is Prudential Regulation Prudent?," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 78(4), pages 635-652, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:ecoint:021735
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    JEL classification:

    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • H12 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government - - - Crisis Management
    • H81 - Public Economics - - Miscellaneous Issues - - - Governmental Loans; Loan Guarantees; Credits; Grants; Bailouts

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