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Factors Influencing United States' Trade Balance with Italy

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Abstract

Factors determining United States’ trade balance with Italy (NE) are examined, and tests for long run relationships performed. Results suggest the main determinant of NE is the output ratio, followed by the price ratio, real exchange rate, lending rate ratio, and the money supply ratio, which explain 95% of the variation in NE. NE responds to rising and falling exchange rate regimes asymmetrically if intercepts change, leading to a premium in NE of $1,093.23 due to falling exchange rates. NE and its determinants are cointegrated at 1%, NE and the nominal exchange rate are cointegrated at 1%, but NE and the real exchange rate are cointegrated at 5%. The nominal exchange rate and the price ratio are cointegrated at 1%, suggesting long run purchasing power parity. The estimated model may monitor and predict NE.

Suggested Citation

  • Kyereme, Stephen S., 2002. "Factors Influencing United States' Trade Balance with Italy," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 55(2), pages 259-277.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:ecoint:0192
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    Cited by:

    1. Mohsen Bahmani--Oskooee & Scott W. Hegerty & Jia Xu, 2013. "Exchange--rate volatility and US--Hong Kong industry trade: is there evidence of a 'third country' effect?," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(18), pages 2629-2651, June.
    2. Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee & Huseyin Karamelikli, 2021. "Asymmetric J-curve: evidence from UK-German commodity trade," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 48(4), pages 1029-1081, November.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Exchange rate; GDP; Italy; lending rate; money supply; trade balance; United States.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F17 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Forecasting and Simulation

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