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Human Development and Technological Progress in Türkiye: New Evidence from Multiple Structural Breaks

Author

Listed:
  • Faruk Mike

    (Osmaniye Korkut Ata University)

  • Oktay Kızılkaya

    (Turgut Ozal University)

  • İbrahim Ethem Akyıldız

    (Bursa Uludag University)

Abstract

This study examines the long-run relationship between human development and technological progress in Türkiye over the period 1990–2023. Technological progress is proxied by patent counts, while human development, trade openness, and economic policy uncertainty are included as explanatory variables. To account for possible regime changes in the Turkish economy, the analysis employs advanced time-series techniques that allow for structural breaks. First, the Zivot–Andrews unit root test is used to determine the order of integration under endogenous breaks. Second, the Maki cointegration test is applied to investigate long-run relationships in the presence of multiple structural breaks. Finally, long-run coefficients are estimated by the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), the dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and the canonical cointegration regression (CCR) estimators. The findings reveal that human development has a positive and statistically significant effect on technological progress in Türkiye. Trade openness also supports patent production, whereas economic policy uncertainty weakens it. Overall, the results suggest that technological progress depends not only on economic incentives but also on broader human development conditions and macroeconomic stability.

Suggested Citation

  • Faruk Mike & Oktay Kızılkaya & İbrahim Ethem Akyıldız, 2026. "Human Development and Technological Progress in Türkiye: New Evidence from Multiple Structural Breaks," Business and Economics Research Journal, Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, vol. 17(3), pages 347-358, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:buecrj:023233
    DOI: 10.20409/berj.2026.501
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    JEL classification:

    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
    • O3 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

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