Barriers to accessibility: An exploratory study of the physical and attitudinal barriers experienced by students living with disabilities in the South African higher education institutions

This exploratory study investigates the physical and attitudinal barriers faced by students with disabilities in South African higher education institutions. Utilizing a qualitative research approach with an exploratory design, the study aimed to provide in-depth insights into the multifaceted challenges that impede access to education for students. A comprehensive desktop review was conducted, involving the collection and analysis of secondary data from various institutional reports, policy documents, and scholarly literature related to disability and higher education in South Africa. Data were systematically transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis, which allowed for the identification of recurring patterns and themes related to both physical infrastructure and societal attitudes. Findings indicate that students face significant physical barriers, including inadequate campus facilities, inaccessible classroom layouts, and a lack of assistive technologies, which hinder their full participation in academic life. Furthermore, attitudinal barriers, characterized by stigma, negative perceptions, and insufficient awareness among staff and students, contribute to social exclusion and academic marginalization. The study highlights the gap between disability policies and their implementation, underscoring the need for improved institutional commitment to inclusive practices. Ultimately, this research calls for a comprehensive approach to enhance accessibility, encompassing both structural improvements and the fostering of a more inclusive and supportive campus culture. Key Words:Accessibility, Disability, Higher Education, Physical Barriers, Attitudinal Barriers.