Trapped in turmoil: the developmental toll of insurgencies in Nigeria since 2014

In 2014, Nigeria surpassed South Africa to become Africa's largest economy following a rebasing of its GDP. This achievement, however, obscured fundamental socio-economic vulnerabilities that insurgencies have subsequently revealed. In the last ten years, ongoing insecurity caused by groups such as Boko Haram in the northeast and the Niger Delta Avengers in the south has hindered Nigeria's development, affecting agriculture, oil production, education, and governance. The insurgencies have created a conflict trap, hindered progress, and exacerbated underdevelopment, resulting in Nigeria's growing fragility relative to other African economies. This research analyses the socio-economic impact of insurgencies from 2014 to 2024, highlighting the ways in which insecurity and governance failures have perpetuated cycles of violence and regression. This paper examines the mechanisms by which conflict impedes development, providing actionable insights for policymakers to formulate comprehensive strategies that disrupt these cycles and promote sustainable growth, thereby revitalising Nigeria's role as a leader in Africa's security and development goals. Key Words:Boko Haram, developmental impact, Human Security, Niger Delta Avengers, Nigeria