An examination of safety culture in patient safety incident reporting: a literature review through the spider framework

Patient safety incident reporting is central to service quality, serving as a crucial component in internal learning and improvement processes, renewal, policy revision, and updates to existing standard operating procedures (SOPs) and guidelines. Low reporting rates of safety incidents highlight the importance of investigating the factors contributing to underreporting. This study aims to analyze the influence of safety culture on patient safety incident reporting. The research design employed in this study is a literature review. The SPIDER framework was used to guide the literature review. Articles selected for the study adhered to inclusion criteria, specifically journal publications within a maximum timeframe of the past five years (2019–2024). A strong safety culture has been shown to improve patient safety incident reporting rates with the influence variable are open communication, cooperation between units, non-blaming responses, feedback on errors, organizational learning, supervisor/manager expectations and actions, and hospital management support. Patient safety culture significantly influences the reporting of patient safety incidents. Key Words:patient safety incident, patient safety, safety culture