Village policy on the distribution of tourism benefits in the Mandalika special economic zone: An analysis of inclusion and exclusion of the poor

This study aims to examine the role of village government policies in the distribution of benefits from tourism development in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ) and to identify patterns of socioeconomic inclusion and exclusion in Rembitan Village. This study employs a qualitative, case-study approach, utilizing data collection techniques such as in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis. Informants included village officials, traditional leaders, business operators, and local residents selected through purposive sampling, and the data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The findings indicate that village officials have an open orientation toward the development of the area and strive to serve as intermediaries between residents and area managers in accessing corporate social responsibility programs and economic opportunities. Although tourism activities generate increased income at certain times, particularly during large-scale events, this situation is not stable and has not reached all segments of society. Structural barriers such as limited access to formal employment, low policy literacy, and the dominance of the informal sector prevent development benefits from being distributed fairly. Decision-making processes also remain reliant on representative mechanisms and informal communication. Thus, it can be concluded that the effectiveness of local policies in managing the impacts of tourism remains limited, necessitating institutional strengthening, broader community participation, and the formulation of more inclusive and equitable development strategies.