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États-Unis : illusions perdues ?

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  • Département des diagnostics de l'OFCE

Abstract

[fre] A la mi-1993, la reprise américaine semble encore hésitante. La progression de l'activité est inhabituellement lente, les créations d'emplois sont tardives. Cette reprise est par ailleurs atypique parce que fondée sur l'investissement des entreprises plus que sur la consommation des ménages. Structurellement, des progrès ont été réalisés dans les déterminants fondamentaux de la compétitivité. Dans le secteur manufacturier, la productivité du capital s'est nettement redressée depuis le milieu des années quatre-vingt, autorisant une croissance plus rapide de la productivité multi-factorielle. Néanmoins, le retour à une croissance forte et durable suppose au moins deux préalables: une redéfinition des modalités de l'insertion économique internationale des Etats-Unis face notamment à l'Extrême-Orient ; et une réelle reprise en main des finances publiques. A court terme, ces mutations en cours (et dont le succès n'est pas garanti) induisent une croissance potentielle lente. La politique budgétaire est dans ces conditions de nature à provoquer un étouffement progressif de la reprise à partir de l'année 1994, non une rechute brutale dans la récession. [eng] USA : Lost Ilusions ? Département des diagnostics Mid-1993, the american recovery still looks unsure. Economic activity increases at an unusually slow pace and the rise in employment has not still really happened. The present recovery is also unusual because demand is led by invesment rather than by consumption. Since the mid-eighties, some progress has obviously been achieved as regards long term competitiveness. In the manufacturing sector, output per unit of capital has increased rather sharply. But this is only one pre-condition for a sustainable economic growth over the next few years. At least two other conditions still need to be met : changes in the nature of economic relationships with south-east Asia, and a real decline of the federal deficit. In the short term, the rate of growth of the potential output is a small one. Therefore, the rather moderate fiscal policy will progressively dampen the recovery in 1994 but will not trigger a recession.

Suggested Citation

  • Département des diagnostics de l'OFCE, 1993. "États-Unis : illusions perdues ?," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 46(1), pages 211-258.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1993_num_46_1_1342
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1993.1342
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1993.1342
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