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L'inflation sous calmant

Author

Listed:
  • Département des diagnostics de l'OFCE
  • Philippe Sigogne
  • Monique Fouet
  • Jacques Adda
  • Véronique Riches
  • Richard Wind
  • Françoise Milewski
  • Stéphane Corsaletti
  • Pascal Garaude
  • Véronique Przedborski.

Abstract

[fre] Depuis plus d'un an, la croissance économique interne des principaux pays industrialisés a été rapide et s'est accompagnée d'une vive progression de leurs échanges extérieurs. L'investissement s'est redressé de manière généralisée, insuffisamment toutefois pour empêcher une augmentation des taux d'utilisation des capacités productives. L'inflation ne s'est cependant pas accélérée, en raison notamment du comportement modéré des salaires (sauf au Royaume-Uni) et de la conduite prudente des politiques monétaires. Une poursuite de ces tendances conduira sans doute à un ralentissement graduel de l'activité économique en 1989 dans la plupart des pays de l'OCDE. Aux Etats-Unis cela assurerait une poursuite de la lente résorption des déficits budgétaire et extérieur, un maintien de la hausse des prix à un rythme raisonnable et l'absence de perturbations sur les marchés des changes. Il s'agit toutefois d'un équilibre conjoncturel mondial fragile sur fonds de déséquilibres structurels non résolus. En France aussi la croissance a été plus forte qu'initialement prévu. Les entreprises ont développé leurs investissements et accru leurs effectifs, permettant ainsi que la masse salariale progresse sensiblement dans le secteur privé. En 1989 l'économie française continuera à croître au rythme de son environnement extérieur. Une forte demande étrangère et des circonstances internationales favorables (pétrole bon marché, bonnes performances agro-alimentaires, recettes touristiques en hausse) permettent de prolonger l'effort d'équipement, de financer davantage de demande intérieure et donc d'importations. Malgré une forte dégradation du solde des produits industriels, le déficit des paiements courants restera modéré. Le début de reprise de l'embauche qui s'est manifesté au cours des derniers trimestres se prolongera à l'horizon de cette prévision si la politique économique n'est pas infléchie dans un sens restrictif. Cette reprise sera toutefois insuffisante pour endiguer la montée du chômage. [eng] Inflation Under Control Département des diagnostics For more than a year, the main industrialised countries have enjoyed rapid economic growth and buoyant external trade. Investment has picked up everywhere, though not fast enough to prevent a surge in capacity utilization. Nevertheless, inflation has not accelerated, owing to the moderate behaviour of wages (except in the United Kingdom) and to prudent monetary policies. The continuation of such trends will probably lead to a gradual slowdown of economic growth in OECD countries in 1989. This would enable the budgetary and external deficits of the United States to shrink further, while prices would increase at a reasonable pace without any major disruption in financial markets. General business conditions worldwide could therefore be balanced ; but the situation remains fragile given the unresolved problem of structural imbalances. In France too economic growth has proved stronger than had previously been forecast. Firms have raised both investment and employment, so that wages have increased significantly in the private sector. In 1989. French economic growth will again follow that of its external environment. A low price for oil, high agricultural exports and increasing income from tourism, combined with growing world imports, will enable France to raise its imports both of equipment and of consumer goods. The current account deficit is likely to remain small despite a larger deficit in manufactured goods. The growth of employment will continue until the end of 1989 if economic policy does not become more restrictive. But it will not be fast enough to prevent a further increase in unemployment.

Suggested Citation

  • Département des diagnostics de l'OFCE & Philippe Sigogne & Monique Fouet & Jacques Adda & Véronique Riches & Richard Wind & Françoise Milewski & Stéphane Corsaletti & Pascal Garaude & Véronique Przedb, 1988. "L'inflation sous calmant," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 25(1), pages 5-74.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1988_num_25_1_1152
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1988.1152
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1988.1152
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