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L'Espagne des Communautés régionales autonomes

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  • Roland Colin

Abstract

[fre] La nation espagnole s'est constituée à partir de composants historiques souvent antagonistes (Islam, Judaïsme, Chrétienté). Au XVIe siècle, après la Reconquête, la Castillle unie à l 'Aragon entreprend de construire l'unité nationale. La politique espagnole est depuis lors tiraillée entre la tentation fédéraliste et l'affirmation unitaire. La Constitution de 1978 consacre la reconnaissance du droit des Communautés autonomes à gérer leurs propres affaires dans l'échange et la solidarité, sans choisir pour autant la voie du fédéralisme. Cet « Etat des Autonomies » (Estado de las Autonomias) joue un rôle essentiel dans la vie de la société espagnole et dans la croissance de son économie. Après avoir analysé les mécanismes des statuts des Communautés, complexes mais bien adaptées à la diversité des réalités régionales, l'étude s'attache à établir une typologie des régions autonomes. Leurs potentialités et leur dynamisme économique placent en tête Madrid, la Catalogne et l'Andalousie stimulées par les grands projets de 1992 (Jeux Olympiques de Barcelone et Exposition universelle de Seville). Le Pays basque et Valence suivent immédiatement. Ailleurs apparaissent aussi de sérieuses chances de développement, sauf dans les deux Castilles et l'Estrémadure qui font figure de parentes pauvres. Aux régions les plus déshéritées économiquement et socialement manque aussi le ressort mobilisateur d'une conscience culturelle forte. Ces inégalités entre les régions exigent de constantes régulations, que les Communautés autonomes mènent de concert avec le pouvoir central. Cette dynamique originale vaut à l'Espagne d'avoir d'ores et déjà une place marquante dans l'Europe des régions en cours d'élaboration. [eng] Spain and Regional Autonomous Communities Roland Colin The Spanish nation was built up from many historic components, often antagonistic (Islam, Judaism, Christianity). In the XVIth century, after Reconquest, Castile, united with Aragon, started upon constructing national unification. Ever since, Spanish policy has been torn between federalist temptation and Unitarian affirmation. The 1978 Constitution recognized the right to Autonomous Communities to self-government, with interchange between them and solidarity among them. Nevertheless Spain did not choose the federalist way. The « State of Autonomies » (Estado de las Autonomias) plays an essential part in the life of Spanish society and its economic development. After having analysed the mechanisms of Communities' statutes, and taking due account of the variety of regional realities, the study aims at a typology of the Autonomous Regions. A consideration of their potentialities and economic dynamism indicates that top position probably goes to Madrid, Catalonia and Andalusia, stimulated by the 1992 Big Projects (Barcelona Olympic Games and Sevilla World Fair). The Basque Country and Valencia follow immediatly behind. In the other communities, there would appear to be serious opportunities for development too, except for the two Castiles and Extremadura, which remain backward. Most of the deprived regions at an economic and social level also lack a strong cultural consciousness as a mobilizing spirit. These disparities between regions require constant regulation, provided in concertation by Central Government and Autonomous Communities. Such an original Power System gives Spain an outstanding place in emerging « Europe of Regions ».

Suggested Citation

  • Roland Colin, 1988. "L'Espagne des Communautés régionales autonomes," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 22(1), pages 227-262.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1988_num_22_1_1128
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1988.1128
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1988.1128
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