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Perspectives de l'économie française en 1985/1986

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  • Département d'économétrie de l'OFCE

Abstract

[eng] According to the forecasts established with the help of the quaterly OFCE model, the main features of the evolution of french economy in 1985, 1986 should be the deceleration of inflation, the recovery of corporate profits and the return to an external trade excédent. The slowing down of inflation and the improvement of the financial situation of the firms are the outcomes of a fundamental mechanism : the gap between the strong growth in labour productivity and the stagnation of real wages. In 1986 the rate of inflation should decrease to below 5 %, and the radio of corporate savings to value added which had fallen to 6 % in 1982, should go up to 11 % in 1986 reaching the same level as before the crisis. However, increase in profits could not induce a strong raise in investment, this one being limited by the weakness of final demand. Growth would be sustained by consumption, owing to a fiscal policy reducing pressure on households, which would compensate for wage limitation. Growth (0.9% in 1985; 1.9% in 1986) would not be sufficient to stop the rise in unemployment which would start again after a pause due to the development of TUC (Collective Utility Works). The recovery of the trade balance remains frail and tightly condition- ned by the hypothesis of a declining exchange rate for the dollar, and of a limited slowing down of world demand. In the case of a dollar remaining at a level of 10 F, the trade balance in 1986 would simply reach equilibrium and the inflation rate would stay at 5.5 %. A lower growth of world demand (3.6 % instead of 4.6 % in 1986) would reduce the trade excédent by 5 Mds F as well as the growth in corporate investment (2.8% instead of 3.4% in 1986). [fre] Poursuite de la désinflation, redressement du profit des entreprises, retour à l'excédent de la balance commerciale devraient caractériser l'évolution de l'économie française en 1985 et 1986, d'après cette prévision établie à l'aide du modèle trimestriel de l'OFCE. Désinflation et rétablissement de la situation financière des entreprises sont les résultantes d'un mouvement de fond : l'écart entre la forte croissance de la productivité du travail et la stagnation du salaire réel. Le taux d'inflation descendrait en 1986 au dessous de 5 % ; la part de l'épargne brute des sociétés dans la valeur ajoutée, qui était tombée à 6 % en 1982, atteindrait 11 % en 1986, soit pratiquement son niveau d'avant la crise. Cependant le rétablissement des profits ne déboucherait pas sur une forte reprise de l'investissement lequel resterait limité par la faiblesse des perspectives de débouchés. C'est la consommation qui impulserait la croissance, grâce à la politique de réduction de la fiscalité portant sur les ménages, politique qui compenserait la rigueur salariale. La croissance (0,9 % en 1985 et 1,9 % en 1986) resterait insuffisante pour enrayer la montée du chômage, qui reprendrait après la pause due au développement des TUC. Le redressement de la balance commerciale (- 13 milliards en 1985 ; + 18 milliards en 1986) reste fragile et étroitement conditionné par les hypothèses de baisse du dollar et d'un ralentissement limité de la demande mondiale. Dans le cas d'un dollar à 10 F, la balance commerciale serait juste équilibrée en 1986 et le taux d'inflation resterait à 5,5 %. Une croissance mondiale plus faible (3,6 % au lieu de 4,7 % en 1986) réduirait l'excédent commercial de 5 milliards et la croissance de l'investissement des entreprises (2,8 % au lieu de 3,4 % en 1986).

Suggested Citation

  • Département d'économétrie de l'OFCE, 1985. "Perspectives de l'économie française en 1985/1986," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 12(1), pages 5-48.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1985_num_12_1_1030
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1985.1030
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1985.1030
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