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Le banquier et le nouveau régime de contrôle du crédit institué en décembre 1984

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  • Marcel Rist

Abstract

[eng] By 1984, it was becoming increasingly clear that the system of credit control had lost its efficiency, while remaining as complex as ever. The new and simpler system introduced in December 1984 has on the contrary been so designed as to give the authorities effective powers for restricting credit. But in many respects it certainly takes after the former system, especially with regard to the costs it imposes on banks that « excessively » expand their loans. Repealing the previous « standards » is an important administrative simplification, but it does not substantially alter the system's economy. One may indeed praise the new system for the possibilities it gives the authorities to simultaneously hit targets that are considered contradictory under the Anglo-Saxon or the German systems. But the price to be paid for this is a strict rationning of credit that is so far from the rules governing the market economy that the rational allocation of financial ressources may be seriously affected, even though the system is administered by the thanks themselves. Furthermore in spite of superficial evidence, the system is conducive neither to a true improvement of bank's balance-sheets nor to the badly needed recovery in their operating accounts. [fre] En 1984 il est devenu de plus en plus clair que le régime d'encadrement du crédit en vigueur avait perdu son efficacité, tout en demeurant aussi compliqué que jamais. Le nouveau régime, plus simple, institué en décembre 1984, a été doté au contraire d'une grande efficacité quant aux possibilités de restriction du crédit qu'il donne aux autorités. Mais sur bien des points il ressemble comme un frère à l'ancien système, notamment par les coûts qu'il impose aux banques en cas de développement «excessif» de leurs encours. La disparition des anciennes « normes » est une simplification administrative importante et d'une certaine portée psychologique, mais ne transforme pas radicalement l'économie du système. On peut certes se féliciter des possibilités que le nouveau système donne aux autorités d'atteindre dans une large mesure simultanément des objectifs considérés dans les régimes de type anglo-saxon ou allemand comme contradictoires. Mais cela est au prix de l'adoption d'un système de rationnement du crédit draconien qui, bien qu'il soit administré par les banques elles- mêmes, s'éloigne à ce point des règles de l'économie de marché qu'une allocation rationnelle des ressources financières peut en être sérieusement affectée. En outre, malgré les apparences, il n'est favorable ni à un véritable assainissement des bilans bancaires, ni à l'indispensable redressement de leurs comptes d'exploitation.

Suggested Citation

  • Marcel Rist, 1985. "Le banquier et le nouveau régime de contrôle du crédit institué en décembre 1984," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 11(1), pages 137-152.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1985_num_11_1_1021
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1985.1021
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1985.1021
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