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Encadrement du crédit et politique monétaire

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  • Henri Sterdyniak
  • Christian Vasseur

Abstract

[eng] Credit control has been reformed in 1985 after having been a permanent instrument of the french monetary policy since 1973. On this occasion the article describes the system's advantages and disadvantages. Credit control has been the main instrument of a policy aimed at fighting inflation by decelerating the moneraty growth. But there are scarcely any specific relations between money supply and inflation and the monetary growth is too influenced by financial innovations over a short and medium term to be considered a reliable indicator of monetary policy rigor. Contradictory aims have led to a bureaucratic and complicated system, that nevertheless has enhanced the development of financial markets, thus enabling to avoid control limitations. On the other hand its macroeconomic impact is more difficult to estimate. On considering items such as a monetary growth target, an individual credit standard for each bank, or a severe penalty for exceeding the standard, it appears that this reform shall not substantially modify the regulation system of credit distribution, at least not over the short term. [fre] Instrument permanent de la politique monétaire française depuis 1973, l'encadrement du crédit a été reformé en 1985. A cette occasion l'article fait le point sur les avantages et les inconvénients du système. L'encadrement du crédit a été l'instrument principal d'une politique visant à ralentir le rythme de progression de la masse monétaire pour lutter contre l'inflation. Mais il n'y a guère de relations spécifiques entre masse monétaire et inflation et la croissance de la masse monétaire est trop influencée à court/ moyen terme par les innovations financières pour être un indicateur fiable de la rigueur de la politique monétaire. Des soucis contradictoires ont abouti à un système bureaucratique et compliqué, qui cependant a amené le développement des marchés financiers, ce qui a permis de tourner l'encadrement. Par contre son impact macroéconomique est plus difficile à cerner. Objectif de masse monétaire, norme individuelle de crédit pour chaque banque, forte pénalisation des dépassements de la norme..., la réforme annoncée ne modifie guère, du moins à court terme, le système de régulation de la distribution du crédit.

Suggested Citation

  • Henri Sterdyniak & Christian Vasseur, 1985. "Encadrement du crédit et politique monétaire," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 11(1), pages 105-136.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1985_num_11_1_1020
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1985.1020
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1985.1020
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    Cited by:

    1. Michel Boutillier & Pierre Villa, 1985. "Politique monétaire en économie d'endettement vue à travaes le modèle OFCE-annuel," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 13(1), pages 119-147.
    2. Alain Fonteneau & Alain Gubian, 1985. "Comparaison des relances françaises de 1975 et 1981-1982," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 12(1), pages 123-156.

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