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Les erreurs de prévision économique pour 1982

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  • Alain Fonteneau

Abstract

[fre] L'examen des prévisions faites entre juin 1981 et juillet 1982 montre que la montée du dollar et l'ampleur de la récession mondiale n'ont été prévues ni par les organismes internationaux (OCDE, CEE) ni par les instituts de prévision français. En 1982, le PNB des pays de l'OCDE a baissé d'environ 0,5 % tandis que les prévisions élaborées avant la fin de l'année 1981 tablaient sur une croissance de 2%. Les exportations françaises ont reculé de 3,7% en volume, alors que la quasi-totalité des instituts prévoyait, avant décembre 1981, une croissance proche de 5 %. Les diverses prévisions établies pour la France montrent que, de manière générale, la politique économique n'a pas été anticipée ou, lorsqu'elle l'a été, ses conséquences ont été le plus souvent mal appréciées. Il en est ainsi de l'impact inflationniste de la relance qui a été surestimé, alors que la croissance de l'investissement et de la consommation a été sous-estimée. Les conséquences des mesures d'accompagnement de la dévaluation de juin 1982 ont également été mal perçues. Les prévisionnistes ont surestimé l'impact récessif des mesures de rigueur sur la croissance du second semestre alors qu'ils ont sous-estimé le ralentissement des hausses nominales dû au blocage des prix et des revenus. [eng] An examination of forecasts made between June 1981 and July 1982 by international organizations (OECD, EEC) and major French forecasters shows that neither group had forecasted the rise of the $ US nor the severity of world recession. In 1982 the GNP of the OECD countries fell by 0.5 % while forecasts made before the end of 1981 were predicting an increase of 2.0%. A similar mistake was made about the growth of the volume of French exports, a 5 % growth was forecast while a fall of 3.7 % was actually experienced. The different forecasts for France show that, generally, the change in economic policy had not been anticipated, and when it was, its consequences were often incorrectly assessed. For example, the inflationnary impact of the expansionary policies were over-estimated, and the growth of investment and consumption were under-estimated. Moreover, consequences of the measures which accompanied the June 1982 devaluation of the Franc were also badly forecast : the deflationary of these measures on growth during the last six months of 1982 over-estimated while the slow down of the rise in wages and prices under-estimated.

Suggested Citation

  • Alain Fonteneau, 1983. "Les erreurs de prévision économique pour 1982," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 4(1), pages 81-97.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1983_num_4_1_946
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1983.946
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1983.946
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