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La politique économique depuis mai 1981 : un premier bilan

Author

Listed:
  • Alain Fonteneau
  • Pierre-Alain Muet

Abstract

[fre] Trois phases successives ont caractérisé la politique économique du gouvernement de gauche. La première, qui s'étend de mai 1981 à la dévaluation de juin 1982 est marquée par une politique expansionniste accompagnée d'une politique spécifique de l'emploi. Cette politique est partiellement corrigée par les mesures de financement des déficits de la Sécurité Sociale et de l'Unedic. La seconde phase s'ouvre avec les mesures d'accompagnement de la dévaluation de juin 1982, qui marquent un premier tournant vers une politique de lutte contre l'inflation. Elle coïncide avec la prise de conscience du caractère durable de la récession mondiale, qui a modifié les objectifs de la politique conjoncturelle. La dernière phase, qu'inaugure le plan de rigueur de mars 1983, donne la priorité au rééquilibrage des échanges extérieurs. La quantification à l'aide du modèle économétrique OFCE- Annuel de l'impact macro-économique des plans successifs montre que la politique économique a, en moyenne annuelle, stimulé la croissance de 0,4 point en 1981 et 0,7 point en 1982. Le plan de rigueur de mars 1983 annule les effets expansionnistes de la politique antérieure et des dévaluations, mais l'impact global sur le chômage resterait favorable, du fait de la politique spécifique de l'emploi. L'aggravation du déficit extérieur en 1982 (40 milliards) résulte pour moitié de la politique économique et pour moitié de la déflation mondiale et de la hausse du dollar par rapport à l'Ecu. En 1983, l'impact du plan de rigueur de mars resterait modéré, comparé à l'ampleur du déficit. [eng] The evolution of the economic policies of the socialist government can be divided into three phases. The first, from May 1981 to the devaluation of June 1982, can be characterized as expansionist and aimed specifically at reducing unemployment. This expansionist policy was partially offset by measures to reduce the « Sécurité Sociale » and « UNEDIC » deficits. The second phase began with the measures which accompanied the devaluation which indicated a shift in the emphasis of policy towards the fight against inflation. This coincided with a growing recognition that the inanticipated durability of the world recession necessitated a re-ordering stabilization policy priorities. While in the latest phase, initiated by the « plan de rigueur» of March 1983, top priority has been given to reducing the balance of payments deficit. Our annual econometric model has been used to provide a quantitative assessment of the macroeconomic impact of the successive policies. The results of this exercise show that the government measures added 0.3 % to the economy's rate of growth in 1981 and 0.7% in 1982. As far as 1983 is concerned, the « plan de rigueur » will cancel the expansionary effects of the devaluation and the other previous policies but the overall impact on unemployment remains favorable. One half of the worsening of the external deficit in 1982 can be attributed to economic policy, the other to world recession and the rise of the$ US. In 1983, the impact of the « plan de rigueur » on the external deficit will be weak compared to its magnitude.

Suggested Citation

  • Alain Fonteneau & Pierre-Alain Muet, 1983. "La politique économique depuis mai 1981 : un premier bilan," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 4(1), pages 53-80.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1983_num_4_1_945
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1983.945
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1983.945
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