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Ce qu'il en coûte de réduire les déséquilibres

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  • Monique Fouet
  • Philippe Sigogne

Abstract

[eng] Structural problems, worsened by the oil shocks, called during the 70's for adjustments that made some degree of recession necessary. But all through the decade, economic policies followed in industrialised countries enabled economic agents to avoid these necessities by increasingly resorting to debt. These policies have gradually become restrictive during the recent years, enabling postponed adjustments to take place. This process is well under way, so that the factors of recession will probably fade away in the coming months ; but there is no reason why they should turn into stimulus for growth. Unless new, dynamic factors suddenly appear, no recovery can be expected in France's foreign environment in 1983. The results of France's expansionary policies in 1981 and of the shift of june 1982 can now be assessed. Household income increased noticeably and then faltered for a while. Employment suffered no important decline as industrial production remained flat and productivity slowly increased. But the trade gap widened, and presently reaches an annual rate of 80 billion francs. As long as a worldwide recovery was expected in the near future, the resulting indebtedness appeared as a temporary nuisance. But it can no longer be considered as such when in most foreign countries economic policies still focus on structural adjustment, nor be acceptable as the price for lonely growth. Should restrictive demand management be used as the only way to curb the trade gap, then industrial production would register a 5 to 10% decline. [fre] Les politiques économiques des pays industrialisés avaient, au cours des années 70, autorisé les agents économiques à recourir largement à l'endettement pour échapper aux conséquences récessives de difficultés aggravées par les chocs pétroliers. Elles sont devenues peu à peu rigoureuses au cours des années récentes, laissant ainsi s'opérer des ajustements différés. Ceux-ci pourraient modérer prochainement leurs effets, si bien que les causes de récession pourraient s'estomper sans se métamorphoser pour autant en causes de croissance. Pour l'environnement international de la France, à défaut d'éléments nouveaux, porteurs d'un réel dynamisme, 1983 ne sera donc pas l'année de la reprise. Le bilan de la relance française de 1981 et du correctif apporté en juin 1982 peut maintenant être établi. Après une progression sensible, les revenus des ménages se sont temporairement infléchis. Le niveau de production, industrielle a été maintenu et l'emploi préservé. La productivité a lentement progressé. Le déficit commercial s'est creusé et s'installe à 80 milliards de francs par an. L'endettement extérieur qui en résulte était concevable dans l'hypothèse d'une reprise mondiale prochaine. Il n'est plus soute- nable dès lors que la plupart des pays excluent toute relance concertée tant que l'endettement public et privé leur paraît excessif. Réduire le déficit extérieur par des moyens purement conjoncturels risque dans ces conditions de se payer lourdement en baisse d'activité : entre 5 % et 10 % de la production industrielle selon l'effort envisagé.

Suggested Citation

  • Monique Fouet & Philippe Sigogne, 1983. "Ce qu'il en coûte de réduire les déséquilibres," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 3(1), pages 5-49.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1983_num_3_1_932
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1983.932
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1983.932
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