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Réflexions sur la crise économique mondiale

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  • Jean-Marcel Jeanneney

Abstract

[eng] Whereas the « crisis » of 1974-1975 was thought to be a temporary problem, the present recession has caused much more concern. Indeed, neither the theory of long cycles nor that of the stationary state can account satisfactorily for the current situation. Inflation is related to the behaviour of both wages and money and is not constrained by the external balance because floating exchange rates allow it to continue by the operation of a ratchet effect. Persistent unemployment has a number of causes, among them rapid technical > change, the squeezing of retained profits, unfair international competition, and the reduction in the rate of investment. The increase in oil prices being only an accidental event which aggravated these more fundamental factors. In many ways the economic environment has become more incertain. Restrictive policies, the likelihood of accelerating inflation, the paralysis of private initiative, the international financial crisis and the rapid deterioration in international trading relationships : all are to be feared. Yet this is also a time of great possibilities : in prospect there is tremendous technical progress, the end of illusions about collectivism, a deeper understanding of national problems and of the need for international cooperation. [fre] Alors que la crise de 1974-1975 avait été ressentie comme un épisode, l'actuelle récession suscite de profondes inquiétudes. Ni la théorie des cycles longs, ni celles d'un état stationnaire, rassurantes à certains égards, ne rendent compte de la situation présente. L'inflation est à la fois salariale et monétaire. Elle n'est guère limitée par les commerces extérieurs ; les changes flottants l'entretiennent par un jeu de cliquet. Le chômage persistant a des causes très diverses, notamment la rapidité des innovations, l'insuffisance de l'auto-financement des entreprises, des conditions trop inégales de concurrence internationale, la réduction des investissements et leur changement de nature. Les hausses du prix du pétrole n'ont été qu'un élément accidentel d'aggravation. Les risques de la conjoncture actuelle sont multiples. On peut craindre la poursuite de politiques restrictives de l'activité, l'éventualité d'inflations s'accélérant, une paralysie des initiatives privées, des insatisfactions ruineuses, une crise financière internationale ou un bouleversement trop rapide du commerce mondial. Cependant les chances de notre temps sont grandes : de prodigieux progrès techniques, la fin des illusions sur le collectivisme d'Etat, une meilleure conscience des problèmes nationaux et de la nécessité d'une coopération internationale.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Marcel Jeanneney, 1982. "Réflexions sur la crise économique mondiale," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 2(1), pages 127-155.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1982_num_2_1_928
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1982.928
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1982.928
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