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La vie pour l'épargnant ne se réduit pas à un exercice de calcul. 2) Les apports d’une approche existentielle du cycle de vie

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  • André Masson

Abstract

[fre] L’approche dite existentielle entend expliquer certaines «anomalies » des comportements d’épargne sur le cycle de vie sans invoquer, comme le courant psycho-économique, la rationalité limitée de l’épargnant. Pour cela, elle intègre le contexte situationnel dans lequel se trouve ce dernier en prenant en compte sa subjectivité proprement humaine qui s’exprime dans les rapports de soi à soi dans le temps et dans les projets conférant aujourd’hui sens et substance à son existence. Elle conduit à une conception enrichie de la préférence pour le présent qui enregistre des sauts de discontinuité aux noeuds événementiels ou décisionnels séparant les phases successives du cycle de vie, et reconnaît que les rapports de l’épargnant à sa mort ne sont pas simplement régis par un critère d’utilité espérée appliquée aux probabilités mathématiques de survie. Cette approche permet d’expliquer les échecs des tests expérimentaux qui visent à reproduire le temps long de la vie dans le laboratoire, et apporte des éclairages nouveaux sur la désaffection générale pour la rente viagère et sur une diffusion des actions qui reste minoritaire (en France) mais concerne au moins autant des retraités pourtant plus averses au risque. [eng] The so-called existential approach tries to explain a number of “ anomalies” concerning saver’s behaviour over the life-cycle, without putting forward, as does the psycho-economic school, saver’s limited rationality. This approach takes into account the “ situation context” of the life-cycle saver while incorporating one’s human subjectivity, the latter conditioning, especially, the relations between present and future selves and the ground projects that give today meaning and contain to one’s life. It thus leads to an enriched conception of time preference which exhibits discontinuities at major life events or decision nodes separating successive phases of the life-cycle, and admits that the saver’s relations with his/ her own death are not simply governed by expected utility applied to survival probabilities. The approach gives account of the failures of experimental tests aiming at reproducing the time of real life in the laboratory ; it helps to explain the overall little diffu- sion of life annuities, as well as a limited rate of ownership of stocks in France which is, moreover, as high or higher among more risk averse retired households.

Suggested Citation

  • André Masson, 2010. "La vie pour l'épargnant ne se réduit pas à un exercice de calcul. 2) Les apports d’une approche existentielle du cycle de vie," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 25(2), pages 3-57.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rfreco:rfeco_0769-0479_2010_num_25_2_1804
    DOI: 10.3406/rfeco.2010.1804
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rfeco.2010.1804
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