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Pollution diffuse aux nitrates et incitations économiques

Author

Listed:
  • Marc Willinger
  • Alban Verchère
  • Sandrine Spaeter
  • François Cochard

Abstract

[fre] Bien que la France ait écarté jusqu’ici l’idée de recourir à des instruments incitatifs pour réduire la pollution diffuse aux nitrates, cet article revient sur le potentiel de ces instruments tels qu’ils ont été employés par certains de nos voisins européens ou, à défaut, tels plusieurs expériences menées sur le terrain que les dispositifs doivent être les plus efficients possibles, mais aussi paraître justes aux acteurs, sans quoi se pose la question de leur acceptabilité. Pour autant, les dispositifs les plus ambitieux ont des coûts de mise en oeuvre élevés qui peuvent dissuader les régulateurs. Il convient donc de trouver des moyens de les réduire, question que nous abordons ici en évoquant alors deux pistes prometteuses : l’introduction de la rétroactivité dans les contrôles d’une part et le recours à des inspections ambiantes d’autre part. qu’ils ont été conçus et testés en laboratoire. Il ressort en particulier de l’analyse de [eng] Nitrate Non-Point Source Pollution and Economic Incentives. . Despite the fact that up to now France has never used economic incentives to manage nitrate NPS pollution, this article reconsiders the potential of these instruments. The analysis is carried out on the basis of our European neighbours’ experience - whenever possible -, or of theoretical advances and lab experiments. In particular, our analysis of several field experiments suggests that devices proposed to farmers must be the most efficient as possible, but also that they must be fair in order to mitigate social acceptability issues. However, the most ambitious devices have high costs of implementation, which can dissuade the regulator to use them. Hence, it becomes important to find means of reducing them. We tackle this question by describing two promising solutions : On the one hand, the introduction of retroactive audits, on the other hand, the use of ambient inspections.

Suggested Citation

  • Marc Willinger & Alban Verchère & Sandrine Spaeter & François Cochard, 2009. "Pollution diffuse aux nitrates et incitations économiques," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 24(1), pages 71-119.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rfreco:rfeco_0769-0479_2009_num_24_1_1722
    DOI: 10.3406/rfeco.2009.1722
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rfeco.2009.1722
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