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L'intégration régionale favorise-t-elle la multilatéralisation des échanges ?

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  • Jérôme Trotignon

Abstract

[eng] Does Regional Integration Promote the Multilateralization of Trade ? . . In the 1980s and 1990s, the creation or consolidation of regional trading blocks gave a new impetus to the process of regional integration. In this article we will be asking ourselves whether these blocks promote the multila- teralization of trade or not, whether indeed they constitute building blocks or stumbling blocks. In a gravity model using panel data, we introduce a set of three regional dummy variables corresponding to intra-zonal trade, extra-zonal exports and extra-zonal imports. Taking as a starting point the three coefficients obtained, we propose an original typology for the creation/diversion of trade and for the commercial blocks. Applying it to our results, all the groups represented, as well as the EMU, are positioned as building blocks. As for the AFTA, most of them simultaneously stimulate the internal flows and the exports, suggesting that dynamic effects favorable to the competitiveness are present. No trade diversion occurs except an export diversion due to NAFTA. [fre] L'intégration régionale favorise-t-elle la multilatéralisation des échanges ? . . Dans les années 1980 et 1990, la création ou la consolidation de grands ensembles commerciaux donne un nouvel élan au processus d'intégration régionale. Dans cet article, nous nous demandons si ces ensembles favorisent ou non la multilatéralisation des échanges, et s'ils constituent donc des building ou des stumbling blocks. Dans un modèle de gravité en données de panel, nous estimons un jeu de trois variables muettes régionales représentatives du commerce intra-zone, des exportations extra-zone et des importations extra-zone. A partir des trois coefficients obtenus, nous proposons une typologie originale des créations / détournements d'échange et des blocs commerciaux. En l'appliquant à nos résultats, tous les groupes sélectionnés ainsi que l'UEM apparaissent comme des building blocks. A l'image de l'AFTA, la plupart impulsent simultanément les flux internes et les exportations, ce qui suggère la présence d'effets dynamiques favorables à la compétitivité. Aucun détournement de commerce ne se dégage à l'exception d'un détournement d'exportation induit par l'ALENA.

Suggested Citation

  • Jérôme Trotignon, 2009. "L'intégration régionale favorise-t-elle la multilatéralisation des échanges ?," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 23(3), pages 213-246.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rfreco:rfeco_0769-0479_2009_num_23_3_1741
    DOI: 10.3406/rfeco.2009.1741
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rfeco.2009.1741
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