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La banque saint-simonienne : le projet des Sociétés mutuelles de crédit des frères Pereire

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  • Franck Yonnet

Abstract

[eng] This paper studies the 1853 Sociétés de crédit mutuel (SCM) scheme which was proposed to Napoléon III by the Pereire brothers, two Saint- Simonian bankers. This mutual bank scheme put a reform of the banking system forward. The Pereire brothers aimed at implementing the Saint- Simonian political programm : the emancipation of « labour » towards « capital ». The paper expounds the principles of the SCMs' neo-corporatism which both lies on the mutual benefit society (deriving from the collective and non hierarchical organisation of labour), and on banking practices (based on the accumulation of private informations against borrowers). Moreover, the paper tests the previous principles : it shows that the SCM subscribe to conditions which make them viable thanks to specific processes of asymmetric information. The paper concludes on the reasons which made this scheme not to be implemented. According to us, these are related to the very Saint-Simonian conception concerning the relationships between labour and capital. [fre] Nous examinons le projet des Sociétés de crédit mutuel (SCM) de 1853 proposé à Napoléon III par les frères Pereire, saint-simoniens et banquiers. Ce projet de banque mutuelle propose une réforme des institutions bancaires de l'époque dans le but de réaliser le programme politique saint-simonien : l'indépendance du « travail » à l'égard du « capital ». Nous exposons les principes du néocorporatisme des SCM qui s'appliquent à deux niveaux : mutuel, par l'organisation collective et non hiérarchique du travail ; bancaire, par l'accumulation d'informations privées sur les entrepreneurs. De plus, on teste les principes précités : on montre que les SCM sont viables sous certaines conditions qui découlent d'un traitement particulier de l'asymétrie de l'information. Nous concluons sur les raisons pour lesquelles le projet des SCM ne fut pas appliqué. Celles-ci tiennent, selon nous, à la conception saint-simonienne des rapports entre le travail et le capital.

Suggested Citation

  • Franck Yonnet, 1998. "La banque saint-simonienne : le projet des Sociétés mutuelles de crédit des frères Pereire," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 13(2), pages 59-99.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rfreco:rfeco_0769-0479_1998_num_13_2_1050
    DOI: 10.3406/rfeco.1998.1050
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rfeco.1998.1050
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