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Les inégalités de revenus en France du début du XVIIIe siècle à 1985

Author

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  • Christian Morrisson
  • Wayne Snyder

Abstract

[fre] Cet article a pour objet l'évolution des inégalités de revenu en France depuis le début du XVIIIe siècle. À partir des rôles de la capitation, d'informations sur les revenus et les effectifs des principaux groupes, on a estimé les inégalités en 1788 et montré qu'elles sont comparables à celles en 1715. D'après les données sur les revenus par groupe d'actifs pour 1866, on constate que les inégalités sont alors presque aussi fortes qu'en 1788 après une nette baisse pendant la Révolution, suivie d'une hausse à partir des années 1830. Dès la fin du XIXe siècle, la distribution est nettement moins concentrée qu'en 1866. Cette baisse s'est poursuivie depuis un siècle avec des phases d'accélération après chaque guerre mondiale. Ces estimations sont complétées par des analyses qui mettent en évidence les causes de ces très fortes variations des inégalités. [eng] Income inequalities in France from the early eighteenth century to 1985. . . This study analyzes the evolution of the inequality in the income distribution in France from the beginning of the XVIIIe century to the present. Using the roles of the capitation tax and estimates of the number of persons in various socio-professional groups and their respective incomes, we present estimates of the income distribution for 1788 that suggest that there was not any great difference from the inequality that existed in 1715. Furthermore we show that the degree of inequality in 1866 was not so very different from what it had been nearly 100 years earlier. However, between the two dates, income inequality decreased during the revolutionary era after which it increased until the 1860s. By the last decade of the XIXe century the income distribution began a period of greater equality, a tendency that has since continued with notable accelerations after World Wars I and II. Our estimates of the evolution of income inequality are supplemented with discussions analyzing the reasons that explain the variations in the inequality.

Suggested Citation

  • Christian Morrisson & Wayne Snyder, 2000. "Les inégalités de revenus en France du début du XVIIIe siècle à 1985," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 51(1), pages 119-154.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_2000_num_51_1_410499
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