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Information asymétrique et principes d'induction

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  • Gisèle Umbhauer

Abstract

[eng] Asynmetric information and principles of induction . . The backward induction principle, which requires that the best present actions are deduced from the best future actions, is well known in game theory. This principle is however not in line with our perception of time development, and does not allow a real transmission of information through the effective play of the game. That is why we are interested, in this paper, in the less known principle of forward induction. This last concept requires that a player deduces from the past actions ail the information on the future play development they are likely to convey. We bring into light the potential economic impact of this principle, by applying it to a model with asymmetric information on product quality. Despite of its great economic impact, the forward induction concept has not yet been perfectly formalised. So we also propose in this paper a new formalisation of this concept. [fre] Information asymétrique et principes d'induction. . Le principe d'induction vers l'amont, qui consiste à déduire des actions optimales futures les actions optimales présentes, est un principe bien connu en théorie des jeux. Ce principe est toutefois en contradiction avec la flèche du temps et ne permet pas une réelle transmission d'informations dans le déroulement effectif du jeu. Aussi s'intéresse-t-on, dans cet article, au principe moins connu d'induction vers l'aval, qui exige qu'un acteur infère des actions passées toutes les informations qu'elles sont susceptibles de transmettre sur le déroulement ultérieur du jeu. On illustre notamment l'importance de l'impact potentiel de ce principe en économie, en l'appliquant à un modèle avec information asymétrique sur la qualité des produits. L'importance de cet impact et les imperfections des formalisations actuelles de l'induction vers l'aval expliquent, d'autre part, la mise au point d'une nouvelle formalisation de ce concept.

Suggested Citation

  • Gisèle Umbhauer, 1991. "Information asymétrique et principes d'induction," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 42(6), pages 1089-1110.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1991_num_42_6_409330
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